【作者】 程晔；

【导师】 钱晓英；

【作者基本信息】 湖南大学 ， 世界经济， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 随着家具制造业全球化程度的日渐提高,随着更多的外国家具业巨头在中国投资设厂并内销,我国本土企业具备的如资源和劳动力等成本优势将逐渐不复存在。因此,以李嘉图的“比较成本优势”学说和“俄林-赫克歇尔”的生产要素禀赋学说为理论基础产生的测量显性比较优势的方法已不能充分评估我国家具制造业所具有的真实竞争力水平。显性比较优势指数等传统的测算方法对客观形势的估计过于乐观,我们迫切需要一种新的测算指标,客观地反映变化中的现实,以此希望能对政府和公司的决策提供某种帮助。首先,计算并横向比较世界主要家具贸易国的显性比较优势指数,认为中国虽然位于指数榜的榜首,但是显性比较优势指数却并不是太高,并未出现大于或等于1,与意大利相差无几。这一方面表明中国在家具生产和出口方面还有很大的空间可以发挥和改进,另外也说明我国家具行业存在着规模不经济,劳动生产率不高等竞争力方面的不足。其次,计算并纵向比较2000-2006年我国全部家具制造业的显性比较优势指数,指数主要围绕0.9上下徘徊,但近年来呈明显下降趋势。我们应该清醒地意识到这种主要由资源禀赋带来的比较优势不可能长期存在,而且逐渐出现了要素边际生产率递减的趋势。再次,为了探究阻碍我国家具产业比较优势和竞争力增长的深层次原因,文章建立了以RCA为因变量的计量经济学模型,选取通过检验的八个自变量作为数据包络分析中相应的输入指标和输出指标。最后,通过引入测量决策单元规模有效性和技术性的数据包络分析方法,改进传统的比较优势评价体系,建立一个能综合反映比较优势和竞争优势的广义比较优势指数。通过计算并纵向比较2003-2006年改进后的我国全部家具制造业的广义显性比较优势指数。从数字的计算和比较中发现问题,最后提出相应的政策建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 As the globalization degree of Chinese furniture industry rise gradually, as many more huge foreign furniture firms invest and set up factories in China, the resource and labor advantages the domestic companies owned will not exist. Therefore, the method of measuring RCA based on David Ricardo’s comparative advantage and H-O theory has been not evaluating the real competitive level of the furniture industry in our country. The traditional methods such as RCA index reflect the fact too optimistically, that is why we need a new way to analyze the truth objectively.Firstly, we calculate the RCA indexes of the main furniture trade countries, by comparison, the paper shows China is located in the first place of the index charts, but the RCA index is no more than one, is slightly more than that of Italy. This indicates Chinese furniture industry has big space to improve in field of production and export, but on the other hand, this also tell us there are scale diseconomy and labor productivity deficiency in the Chinese furniture industry.Secondly, we calculate the 2003—2006 annual RCA indexes of domestic furniture industry, by comparison, we find that the indexes are all around 0.9, and decrease obviously in recent years. Through this, we should realize this kind of comparative advantage dependent on resources will not exist in the long run on the grounds that the marginal factor productivity shows a degressive trend.Thirdly, in order to explore what hinders the comparative advantage and the increase of comparative capacity in our country’s furniture industry, the paper regards the RCA as the dependent variable to build an econometrics model, by means of this, we can find eight qualified independent variables which will be thought of as the corresponding input-output indexes of DEA analysis.Finally, by introducing the DEA method which is always been used to estimate the scale and technical efficiency of the decision making units, we can improve the traditional RCA assessment system, establish an improved RCA assessment system which will reflect comparative advantage and competitive advantage comprehensively. At the same time, we calculate the 2003—2006 improved RCA annual indexes of domestic furniture industry, by comparison, the paper offers us some corresponding policy suggestions.更多还原