【作者】 滕锐；

【导师】 易继明；

【作者基本信息】 华中科技大学 ， 经济法学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 法律行为为大陆法系所特有的抽象概念,体现了其重视逻辑推演的传统理念,作为其下位阶概念商行为一词也是大陆法系国家商法中的一个法定用语,是形式理性的产物。无论采民商合一还是民商分立的立法例,大陆法系国家都十分注重对商行为予以抽象的概括,在立法中赋予商行为以重要的地位。但是无论是对比商法还是法律行为的历史演进,都可以看出商行为制度存在先天缺陷。法国商法典、德国商法典、日本商法典被公认为是大陆法系国家最重要的三部商法典。100多年来,德、日商法典几经修改日臻完善,对我国商行为立法具有重要的借鉴意义。当我们站在为我国商法的健康发展而作理论探索的特定高度时,真正要思考的不是支持这种观点的人有多少,而是这一处于商法核心地位的概念的界定是否科学、可行。本文在对各种理论学说进行述评后,作者认为商行为的构成要件的核心有两个,即营利目标的追求和经营活动的开展;并提出商行为有如下性质:营利性、外观的营业性、发展的国际性、主体的商人性、技术性、特殊司法性。尽管商行为是以民事法律行为为其制度基础,与民事法律行为也有很多相似之处,但由于商行为所具有的不能为一般民事法律行为制度所包含的特殊性,只能在民事法律行为之外,再设立商行为制度,这样方能科学地调整基于商行为而发生的商事法律关系。因此我们应当认识商行为的本质,依据私法的理念和原则对这一制度进行构建。就商行为的立法模式而言,不能完全依照既有立法例,也不能完全脱离实践证明较为成熟、可行的制度安排,而应基于商法的内在规律,经过体系化思考后,作出我们的决定。更多还原

【Abstract】 Legal behavior is an unique abstract concept in the civil law system, which manifests it’s tradition of the logic reasoning. As the lower power concept of legal behavior, commercial behavior is only a legal diction in the civil law system commercial law, and it’s an outcome of formal rational. No matter whether adopting combination of civil and commercial laws legislative pattern or separation of civil and commercial laws legislative pattern, civil law countries all pay great attention to the abstract generality of commercial behavior, and also provide great positions to it. However, when we compare the historical evolution of commercial law and legal behavior, we can find the inherent flaws of commercial behavior institution.The French Commercial Code, the German Commercial Code, and the Japanese Commercial Code are considered as the three most important Commercial Codes in the civil law system. For more than a hundred years, the German and the Japanese Commercial Code have become more perfect day by day after several times of modification. When we explore the theory of the healthy development of China’s commercial law, what we really need to think about is not how many people support this view, but whether the definition of this concept at the core statute is scientific and feasible. After reviewing on various theories, the author considers the core elements of commercial behavior is the following two aspects, pursuing of profit and operating of business. The author thinks commercial behavior has the following characters, profit-making, appearance of business, international development, subject of businessman, technique, and special judicial.Although commercial behavior bases on the civil-law legal behavior, and is similar to civil-law legal behavior in many aspects, but it has some particularities that can’t be include in general civil-law legal behavior. So it has to set up commercial behavior institution outside civil-law legal behavior in order to adjust commercial legal relationship based on commercial behavior. We should recognize the essence of commercial behavior, construction this constitution according to the concept and principle of private law. Legislative model of commercial behavior can’t be in full accordance with existing legislation, or totally divorced from the practice proved to be more mature and workable. We should make our decisions through systematic thinking and based on internal rules of commercial law.更多还原