【作者】 孙波；

【导师】 王挺之；

【作者基本信息】 四川大学 ， 世界史， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 如果从1986年意大利学者加布里拉·扎里所做的开创性研究算起，欧美学界有关文艺复兴时期修女的研究也不过才刚刚过去二十年，尽管时间不长，却结出了累累硕果。相比之下，有关天主教改革时期修女的研究则显得比较薄弱。有鉴于此，本文选取1563年禁闭修女事件为切入点，将它置于天主教改革这一深厚背景中，探讨修女在禁闭前后命运变化的因果和过程。为了使禁闭修女问题研究有所依托，本文首先在第一部分对近代早期意大利城市修女院进行了考察，包括其概况、社会功能，尤其是对修女院弊端的揭露，以引出下文特伦特公会对修女院问题的解决；第二部分围绕特伦特公会，叙述1563年禁闭修女令出台的大致细节，在此基础上回溯禁闭修女思想的发展历程，以说明起初对男女平等的禁闭准则在演化过程中如何向女性偏斜，并对1563年禁闭法的一个疏漏——第三会修女加以解读，阐释“时代需要行动”和禁闭修女之间的冲突。第三部分引入社会控制和社会规训这两个关联概念，对教俗两界对修女施加禁闭的动机、手段与内容、实施过程中的困难以及影响与后果加以论述。第四部分则以修女的抵制和抗争为题，用具体事例说明修女如何通过请愿解除誓言这样的合法途径离开修女院；又如何铤而走险逃离修女院；又如何通过文学写作和艺术，在精神、思想层面上打破对修女身体的禁闭，又怎样借助音乐、戏剧手段，把外界俗人吸引到修女院中来，从而被动性地打破禁闭规定。由此得出结论，教俗权威禁闭修女固然没有达到预期目标，修女也并非禁闭的被动执行者。更多还原

【Abstract】 Within past two decades, Europe and America historical circles have got plentiful achievements on research of nuns in Renaissance period, since Gabriella Zarri did the path-breaking works in 1986. Research of nuns in Catholic Reformation period has appeared comparatively weak. According to this, this article will choose event of Cloistering Nuns in 1563 as enter point and put it in deep background of Catholic Reformation to discuss the cause, effect and process of this change.Firstly, the article described the general situation of convent in early modern Italian city, including the function of convent in Catholic society which explaining the reason of its existence and the problems existing in convent, which provided one reason for later Catholic Reformation. Secondly, the article will narrate how clausura law came, out in 1563. On this base, by tracking development of Cloistering Nuns thought, It shows that how enclosure was equal to monk and nuns turn exclusively to nuns. Meantime, through talking about the omission of Trent council—tertaries nuns, explained the conflict between Cloistering Nuns and the needs of time. Thirdly, by introducing concepts of social control and social discipline, this chapter will talk about the motivation of discipline, contents and means of discipline and the difficulties of administration and the effect of discipline imposed from church and country. Lastly, this article discuss that how nuns resist and breach claustura. Some nuns leave from convent by applying for the annulment of her vows. Some nuns flee away from convent. Majority of nuns break claustura on spiritual or thoughtful level by forms of literature and art, they performed convent theatre or music to attract secular people to enter convent, and establish straight contacts with them. All this proved, church authority doesn’t get its expecting aim, and nuns were not always the passive receiver of policy imposed from above.更多还原