对我国六名高水平女子中长跑运动员竞赛期专项训练负荷变化的分析

【作者】 王莉；

【导师】 沈信生；

【作者基本信息】 北京体育大学 ， 体育教育训练学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 在运动训练这个过程中,科学地安排运动负荷,是提高运动成绩的关键因素,这是因为运动员优越的运动成绩取决于系统而艰苦的运动训练,而在运动训练中最关键的又是对运动负荷的合理调控。因此本研究欲运用计算机软件对国家田径队女子中长跑运动员的训练负荷数据进行记录、存储和分析,对所记录到的训练负荷数据进行计算机数据标准化处理,对我国高水平女子中长跑运动员训练负荷做初步分析,配合教练员总结他们的训练规律,并对与本项目相关度较高的训练负荷指标做出相关性分析,为今后的训练提供真实参考,为田径运动员训练数据库的建立提供有利依据,这能促进运动训练的科学化进程,保证训练与恢复并举,取得优越成绩。本研究得出以下结论:1.我国六名高水平女子中长跑运动员在2005年竞赛期,专项训练内容是围绕耐力素质的训练展开的,根据有关训练学理论,该队训练的主要训练方法手段与理论上述及的中长跑训练方法手段没有本质上的差异。2.全队的实际训练负荷的变化过程基本是按照训练计划周期目标实现的。从运动员个人的负荷节奏变化看,有4人训练负荷节奏与训练计划的周期安排相一致(其中3人在十运会中提高了成绩);有2人在部分周期内的训练负荷节奏与全队训练计划的周期安排不符(2人均在十运会中成绩下降)。3.该队本年度部分运动员成绩下降的原因,从训练负荷量、负荷强度以及生化指标的表现综合来分析,极有可能是由于大负荷训练后,机体在未得到充分地恢复情况下,进而导致夏训后期疲劳积累,不能进入高水平的竞技状态所致。4.从该队生化指标的测试结果与运动负荷的相关程度上看,血红蛋白指标的变化,作为评定女子中长跑运动员的身体状态,具有较好的敏感性和准确性。5.该队在本训练周期中,力量训练的内容以力量耐力为主,练习内容和方法手段都相对比较固定,训练量和强度在整个周期中没有大的变化,对运动员总体负荷影响不大。6.在跟踪测试的过程中,发现该队的生理生化指标测试呈现非定期状态。这对系统分析运动员生理负荷变化,验证运动员实际训练负荷的大小造成不利,不能让教练员及时了解训练效果,对训练计划也不能提供完整的参考依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the course of sports training, arrange sports load scientifically, it is a key factor of raising the sports achievement.athlete’s superior movement achievement depends on the system arduous sports training, the most key one is the rational regulation and control of movement load.computer software are being usded to national women long and middle-distance training load datum of distance runner to gather , store and analyze, carry on the standardized treatment of computer data to the training load data gathered , make initial analysis to distance runner’s training load among the high-level women of our country, cooperate with coach training law to summarize them, to correlated with one degree of higher load indexes make relevance analysis with project this, offer for training in the future and consult truly, offer the favorable basis for setting-up of athlete’s training database , this can promote the scientific process that sports training , guarantee to train and resume developing simultaneously, make superior achievements.This research Can originally work out the following conclusions:1.The national woman’s middle-distance race team is during training in summer of 2005, the main training content is the aerobic endurance, mix oxygen endurance and have no quality of oxygen endurance ability ; The training main means is: Run continuously , the intermittence runs , run and increase progressively and run etc. repeatedly. According to training theory of studying,means ,the main training means of this team have no difference with the middle-distance race of theory in essence.2.In the whole, overall team finished load rhythm of endurance train keep unanimity with load rhythm that require of drill program basically, reality in the whole team train change of load course according to train planning cycle goal basically. By the look of the athlete individual’s load rhythm change, among 6 team members,there are 4 people trained load rhythm and cycle of the drill program to arrange compatibly (3 persons among them improved the achievement among the tenth National Games); 2 people training load until cycle of drill program arrange , accord with in the whole team rhythm within some cycles(whether 2 per capita China achievement drop in the tenth National Games).3.Reason why achievement of some athletes of the current year of this team drops, look from training the behavior of amount of exercise , training intensity and biochemical index , because heave- load train , fail to resume fully , cause train tired to accumulate later stage of this summer probably extremely, can’t enter high-level competitive state .4.See from the test result of this biochemical index and relevant intensity of training load, the change of the hemoglobin index , is regarded as and evaluated the physical state of the long distance runner of women , have better sensitiveness and accuracy.5.This team, in this cycle of work, the content of strength training takes strength endurance as the core, mainly adopt some bare-handed or hold the light apparatus and make the exercise up of circulation . Training amount and intensity there is no loud change of the whole cycle, have a little effect on athlete’s overall load.6.During the process of following and testing , find the biochemical index of physiology of this team tests in musty condition. This is changed to athlete’s physiological load of network analysis, prove athletes train the size of load to be unfavorable actually, can’t understand the result of training in time for coaches either , can not adjust the drill program to offer the intact reference basis.更多还原