【作者】 雷远霞；

【导师】 李光宪；

【作者基本信息】 四川大学 ， 材料加工工程， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 阻燃剂是指能够提高易燃或可燃物的难燃性、自熄性或消烟性的功能化助剂，是精细化工产品和合成材料的主要助剂之一，对于防止火灾及保障人类社会安全至关重要。随着现代社会对环保要求的不断提高，发展高效、无毒的聚合物阻燃剂已成为大势所趋。据此，本文研究了N-P膨胀阻燃体系对聚丙烯的阻燃作用。为了达到理想的阻燃效果以及阻燃剂在高湿度条件下，不吸潮、不迁移的目的，本人着重研究了膨胀型阻燃剂中炭源对阻燃制品阻燃性能的影响。对比了不同阻燃剂组分及配比对该体系阻燃效果的影响：充当酸源组分的APP，当添加量达40％，LOI值为22；比较MEL和MCA对PP阻燃性能的影响：随MEL含量的增加，LOI值增加，添加量到40％时，LOI值为23；而MCA添加量小于20％时，LOI随添加量的增加而增加，再添加MCA，LOI值不变。由此可见，MEL可以更有效的提高PP基体的阻燃效果。APP／MEL复配阻燃PP，可以得到更为有效的阻燃效果，添加量为30％，比例为3／1时，LOI值为24；在APP／MEL膨胀阻燃体系中，加入少量的成炭剂（ZnO、Cr₂O₃、蒙脱土、PA6、PBT），可以显著提高PP材料的阻燃性能，添加量分别为2％、1％、1.5％、1.5％、4.3％，LOI值分别为29、26、29、29、28；研究发现，成炭剂的含量对PP阻燃材料阻燃性能的提高，存在一个最佳添加量，超过此添加量，阻燃效果显著下降。利用热分析（TGA、DTA）、FTIR、SEM手法研究了阻燃剂APP、MEL、APP／MEL以及在APP／EML阻燃体系中添加不同成炭剂（无机成炭剂：ZnO、Cr₂O₃、蒙脱土，成炭高聚物：PA6、PBT）阻燃体系的热降解过程及残炭的结构与形貌。研究表明在阻燃材料的高温热降解过程中，膨胀型阻燃剂能促进体系催化降解，降低基材的热降解速度，提高基体的残炭量，即燃烧时在基体表面形成了一层隔热隔氧的炭层。虽然成炭剂的加入不能提高残炭量，却能促进炭层的形成，提高炭层的质量，对阻燃材料阻燃性能的提高起到重要的作用。通过对不同阻燃剂配方和组成的PP阻燃材料进行吸水性实验发现，成炭剂的加入提高了APP／MEL阻燃材料的吸水性，但提高的幅度不大，仍能满足在湿度条件下的使用要求。添加ZnO、Cr₂O₃、蒙脱土、PA6、PBT成炭剂的吸水性，分别为0.50％、0.81％、0.80％、0.93％、1.20％。对不同阻燃剂配方和组成的PP阻燃材料的力学性能研究表明，阻燃剂的加入恶化了PP基体的力学性能，成炭剂的加入，对力学性能的影响较小，对力学性能影响起主要因素的是APP和MEL。更多还原

【Abstract】 Flame retardant is a kind of functional agent that could improve the nonflammability and self-extinguishing of the combustible materials. It is one of important fine chemicals which used in composite materials, it is also very important for preventing the fire hazard and protecting the safety of human being. As the development of the society, research and develop high efficient, nontoxie halogen-free flame retardants is the tendency.Therefore, this thesis is to investigate the influence of N-P intumescent flame retardants on PP. To meet the content flame retardancy, humid resistance and transference of the intumescent flame retardants of PP. This thesis is to investigate the effect of the carbon agent of the intumescent flame retardants on the flame retardancy of the products.In the intumescent flame retardant systems, investigate the effect of carbon agents of different intumesent flame retardants on the flame retardancy of PP. The acid agengt-APP, the LOI is 22 with 40 percent of flame retardant. Comparing the flame retardancy of MEL to MCA, LOI improves with increasing the content of MEL. LOI is 22 with 40 percent of MEL. Due to the unmatching decompose temperature, LOI does not change with increasing the content of MCA. The LOI is 20 with 20～40 percent of MCA. Let’s APP cooperate with MEL in PP, the flame retardancy is excellent. The LOI is 24 with ratio of which is 3/1. Adding carbon agents to the flame retardant systems such as ZnO, G₂O₃, MMT, PA6 and PBT can effectively improve the flame retardancy of PP. When the content is 2%, 1 %, 1.5 %, 1.5 % and 4.3 %, LOI is 29,26,29,29,28. It is found that the content of carbon agent is important to enhance the flame retardancy of PP, and there is a optimal content. If the content exceeds that, the flame retardancy would decrease.Using the TGA, DTA, FUR and SEM technique to study the course of decompose of PP, structure and appearance of carbon remains. It is considered that the carbon agent can advance decompose and the content of carbon remains during the process of PP flame retardant products. The compact and equality structure decrease the speed of decompose and is a key factor to heighten the flame retardancy of PP.Though the humid experiment, the result shows that the carbon agent can develop the humid performance of PP, but the range is small and can meet the demand of PP in the humidity condition. The humid performance of product of each carbon agent （ZnO,Cr₂O₃,MMT,PA6 and PBT）is 0.50%,0.81%,0.80%,0.93%,1.20%.The data shows that the flame retardant badly worsen the mechanical properties of PP. The effect of carbon agent is small due to the small content. The primary is APP and MEL.更多还原