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任务转换不影响特征搜索的效率

Task Switching Does Not Change the Efficiency of Feature Search

【作者】 高涛;

【导师】 沈模卫; 唐孝威;

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 , 基础心理学, 2006, 硕士

【摘要】 视觉搜索过程中的并行与系列加工机制一直是视觉认知领域的热点课题。本研究采用双任务范式,对任务设置重构条件下执行的特征搜索任务的效率是否会显著降低进行了探讨。实验一中,通过对目标数目的变化,发现与单任务条件相比,对数目的辨别过程的效率在双任务条件下显著下降。在实验二中,视觉搜索任务与实验一相同,但将目标子数目固定在同一水平,而对干扰子数目进行系统操作。实验三中,采用不同颜色的干扰子以控制对目标的自下而上的激活,使得搜索的完成更依赖于自上而下的任务设置。结果发现:在特征搜索主要由自下而上的信息(实验二)或自上而下的信息引导(实现三)两种搜索条件下,任务设置与刺激特征的匹配程度均未对特征搜索方式产生影响。实验四通过直接测量实验三所采用的特征搜索任务的搜索效率,获得了进一步不支持动态控制理论的证据。基于上述结果,笔者获得以下结论:(1)任务设置重组会干扰感数加工,造成在数目较小条件下,对目标数目的判断需以系列的计数方式完成;(2)在任务设置与刺激特征不匹配的条件下,视觉加工系统首先调整任务设置使二者相匹配,随后进行高效率的并行搜索,而非在二者不匹配的条件下进行低效率的系列搜索。

【Abstract】 This study investigated whether or not the reconfiguration of set task could modulate the efficiency of feature search. In Experiment 1, the target-set size was manipulated. The results revealed that enumerating targets defined by color yields a much steeper slope when executed simultaneously with a discrimination task than when done singly. However, when the distractor-set size was manipulated, there was no significant difference in the efficiency of individualizing targets from distractors between the two task conditions, no matter whether the search was guided by bottom-up information (Experiment 2) or top-down information (Experiment 3). In Experiment 4, by directly estimating the search slope of the feature search task adopted in Experiment 3, further evidence against dynamic control theory was obtained.Drawing upon these results, the authors propose that (1) an additional task can impair the efficiency of enumeration, resulting in a steep slope of counting even when the target-set size is quite small; (2) in feature search, the visual system first reconfigures the task set to match the input feature information, then detects the targets with an optimal efficiency.

  • 【网络出版投稿人】 浙江大学
  • 【网络出版年期】2008年 03期
  • 【分类号】B842.1
  • 【被引频次】1
  • 【下载频次】156
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