【作者】 许仪；

【导师】 许自成；

【作者基本信息】 河南农业大学 ， 烟草学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 田间试验分别于2004、2005年在云南省烟草科学研究所试验基地进行，研究了烤烟亲本和F₁组合主要香味物质含量的遗传变异规律，初步预测了主要香味物质的杂种优势表现，并对亲子关系及杂种优势间的相关进行了分析。主要研究结论如下：1、对不同基因型烤烟香味物质含量的变异进行分析，结果表明：各种香味成分在不同烤烟基因型之间均存在广泛的变异。基于香味物质含量的高低，把供试烤烟基因型划分为3大类群：（1）酚类化合物、游离氨基酸及石油醚提取物在聚类所形成的高、中、低3大基因型类群之间均存在极显著差异。（2）有机酸：第Ⅰ类有机酸总量与非挥发性有机酸含量居中，高级脂肪酸含量最高；第Ⅱ类有机酸总量与非挥发性有机酸含量最高，高级脂肪酸含量居中；第Ⅲ类有机酸总量、非挥发性有机酸及高级脂肪酸含量均为最低。（3）中性香气物质：第Ⅰ类除美拉德反应物、类西柏烷降解产物含量居中外，其它香气物质含量在3个类群中均为最高；第Ⅱ类群的美拉德反应物含量最高，类胡萝卜素降解产物含量居中，其它香气物质含量均为最低。第Ⅲ类群的类西柏烷降解产物含量最高，而美拉德反应物和类胡萝卜素降解产物含量最低，其它香气物质含量居中。2、对不同基因型烤烟主要化学成分与香味物质进行多变量分析表明，烤烟主要化学成分和香味物质之间的第一典型相关系数达到极显著水平，为0．728**；共得到9个与典型变量相关显著的性状，分别为还原糖、总氮、烟碱、氯、钾、钾氯比、糖碱比、氮碱比、游离氨基酸和中性香气物质。以此为基础进行主成分分析，得到4个主成分：烟碱因子、氯因子、碳氮因子和香味因子，其方差累积贡献率达到了86．09％；利用主成分值把供试烤烟基因型划分为3个类群，不同类群之间主要化学成分和香味物质的差异较大，类群内则差异较小。3、烤烟F₁组合及其亲本香味物质含量的描述统计分析结果表明：（1）酚类化合物含量在F₁组合间为2．75％±0．15％，亲本间为2.76％±0．24％；游离氨基酸含量在杂交种与亲本间均为0．15％±0．02％；石油醚提取物在F₁组合间为5．97％±0．54％，亲本间为5．87％±0．84％。（2）有机酸总量在F₁组合间为39．40±6．37 mg·g^-1，亲本间为37．68±5．11 mg·g^-1；非挥发性有机酸在F₁组合间为27．69±4．92 mg·g^-1，亲本间为27．36±4．62 mg·g^-1；饱和高级脂肪酸在F₁组合间为5．42±1．30 mg·g^-1，亲本间为4．85±0．76 mg·g^-1；不饱和高级脂肪酸在F₁组合间为6．29±1．68 mg·g^-1，亲本间为5．46±0．96mg·g^-1。（3）F₁组合和亲本的中性香气物质总量分别为1031．17±216．22、911．76±176．60μg·g^-1；芳香族氨基酸降解产物、美拉德反应物、类西柏烷降解产物、类胡萝卜素降解产物及新植二烯在F₁组合间的含量分别为15．77±3．30、42．58±6．48、12．96±2．88、75．13±13．02、884．73²03．59μg·g^-1，亲本间分别为14．61±2．82、41．55±6．90、13．02±4．09、71．09±7．92、771．50±168．18μg·g^-1。4、对烤烟F₁组合与其亲本香味物质含量的差异显著性进行测验，结果表明：烤烟F₁组合与其亲本相比较，所有香味物质的含量均极显著高于低亲值。而酚类化合物、游离氨基酸、石油醚提取物、非挥发性有机酸、美拉德反应物及类西柏烷降解产物的含量与双亲平均值之间不存在显著差异，但均极显著低于高亲值；其它各种香味物质的含量均显著或极显著高于双亲平均值，并且与高亲值之间不存在显著差异。5、对烤烟香味物质含量的亲子关系进行分析表明：酚类化合物、游离氨基酸、高级脂肪酸与中亲值和低亲值均存在显著或极显著正相关，而与高亲值及双亲差值的相关关系不显著；石油醚提取物、非挥发性有机酸、有机酸总量的亲子相关系数均较小且未达显著水平。中性香气物质中，除类胡萝卜素降解产物以外，其它各类香气物质均受到亲本的显著或极显著影响，并且与高亲值和中亲值的正相关关系最为密切，而与低亲值及双亲差值的相关关系则相对较弱；类胡萝卜素降解产物的亲子相关系数均不显著。6、对杂种F₁代的优势表现进行分析，结果表明：（1）酚类化合物、游离氨基酸的平均表现为负向杂种优势，石油醚提取物则存在明显的正向中亲优势，而超亲优势多为负向，但仍有13个组合表现正向超亲优势。（2）有机酸按中亲优势的大小排列顺序为不饱和高级脂肪酸>饱和高级脂肪酸>有机酸总量>非挥发性有机酸；超亲优势大小表现出与中亲优势相同的顺序，其中非挥发性有机酸及有机酸总量虽然为负向超亲优势，但分别有15个和20个组合表现出正向的超亲优势。（3）各类中性香气物质的平均表现均为正向中亲优势，按优势强弱排序为新植二烯>中性香气物质总量>芳香族氨基酸降解产物>类胡萝卜素降解产物>类西柏烷降解产物>美拉德反应物。超亲优势从大到小的排列顺序与中亲优势相同，除新植二烯和中性香气物质总量的平均表现为正向超亲优势外，其它各类香气物质的平均表现均为负向超亲优势，但都有多个正向超亲组合。7、对烤烟各种香味物质杂种优势间的相关关系进行分析，结果表明：酚类化合物与石油醚提取物的杂种优势之间存在着极显著正相关，而与游离氨基酸杂种优势之间的相关关系则不显著；各种有机酸中，除非挥发性有机酸以外，其它有机酸的杂种优势之间均存在极显著相关关系；中性香气物质除美拉德反应物和类西柏烷降解产物外，其它香气物质的杂种优势之间大都存在显著或极显著相关关系。更多还原

【Abstract】 Field trials were carried out in Yunnan tobacco science research institute from 2004 to 2005. The genetic variation laws and heterosis performance of main aroma matter in the parents and F₁ combinations of flue-cured tobacco were studied, and the correlations between parents and offspring and among different kinds of heterosis were analyzed. The main conclusions were as follows:1. The variation of the content of aroma matter in different flue-cured tobacco genotypes was analyzed. The result showed that there existed some variation for the contents of aroma components among different flue-cured tobacco genotypes. The genotypes studied were all classified into 3 groups based on the content of aroma matter: （1） There were highly significant differences among high, medium and low genotype groups for polyphenol compounds, free amino acid and petroleum ether extracts. （2） Organic acids: comparing with other genotype groups, the contents of total content of organic acids and non-volatile organic acids were medium and senior fatty acids were the highest in group I; in group II, the contents of total content of organic acids and non-volatile organic acids were the highest and senior fatty acids were medium; in group III, all the contents of total content of organic acids, non-volatile organic acids and senior fatty acids were the lowest. （3） Neutral aroma matter: in group I, the contents of other aroma matter were the highest except products of Maillard reaction and products degraded by cembrane with medium contents among 3 groups; in group II, the content of products of Maillard reaction was the highest and the content of products degraded by carotene was medium, and the contents of the others were the lowest; in group II, the content of products degraded by cembrane was the highest, but the contents of products of Maillard reaction and products degraded by carotene were the lowest, and the others were medium.2. Multivariate statistical analysis of main chemical components and aroma matter in different flue-cured tobacco genotypes indicated that the first canonical correlation coefficient （0.728**） of main chemical components was significant at the 1% level with aroma compositions, and nine significant traits were obtained including reducing sugar content, total nitrogen content, nicotine content, chlorine content, the ratio of potassium to chlorine, the ratio of reductive sugar to nicotine, the ratio of total nitrogen to nicotine, free amino acid and neutral aromatic components. On the basis of canonical correlation analysis, the principal component analysis was done, and four principal components were selected and named nicotine factor, chlorine factor, carbon-nitrogen factor and aroma factor. The accumulated contribution of the first four factors to total variation of population accounted for 86.09%. According to the value of the principal components, the genotypes studied were classified into 3 groups. The variation for main chemical components and aroma compositions was big among different genotype clusters, but small among genotypes within the same cluster.3. Descriptive statistics analysis was done for the content of aroma matter in the F₁ combinations and parents of flue-cured tobacco. （1） The content of polyphenol compounds for F₁ combinations was 2.75%±0.15% and 2.76%±0.24% for parents. The content of free amino acid for hybrid was 0.15%±0.02%, the same as parents. The content of petroleum ether extracts was 5.97%±0.54% for F₁ combinations, and 5.87%±0.84% for parents. （2）The total content of organic acid for F₁ combinations was 39.40±6.37 mg·g^-1 and 37.68±5.11 mg·g^-1 for parents. The content of non-volatile organic acids was 27.69±4.92 mg·g^-1 for F₁ combinations, and 27.36±4.62 mg·g^-1 for parents. The content of saturated senior fatty acidsfor F₁ combinations was 5.42±1.30 mg·g^-1, and 4.85±0.76 mg·g^-1 for parents. The content of unsaturated senior fatty acids was 6.29±1.68 mg.g-1 for F1 combinations, and 5.46±0.96 mg.g^-1 for parents. （3） The total contents of neutral aroma components for F₁ combinations and parents were 1031.17±216.22 and 911.76±176.60μg.g^-1. The contents of products of aromatic amino acid metabolism, products of Maillard reaction, products degraded by cembrane, products degraded by carotene and neoplytadiene were 15.77±3.30,42.58±6.48、12.96±2.88, 75.13±13.02 and 884.73±203.59μg·g^-1 for F₁ combinations, respectively, and14.61±2.82, 41.55±6.90, 13.02±4.09, 71.09±7.92 and 771.50±168.18μg·g^-1 for parents, respectively.4. The different significance for the content of aroma matter btween the F₁ combinations and parents of flue-cured tobacco was tested. Comparing with the content of patents, the contents of all of aroma matter in 48 F₁ combinations of flue-cured tobacco were highly significantly higher than their low-parent value. The contents of polyphenol compounds, free amino acid, petroleum ether extracts, non-volatile organic acids, products of Maillard reaction and products degraded by cembrane were no significant difference comparing with their mid-parent value, but highly significantly lower than their high-parent value; the content of other aroma matter were significantly or highly significantly higher than their mid-parent value and no significant difference with their high-parent value.5. Correlation analysis between parents and offspring of the content of aroma matter in flue-cured tobacco showed that there were significantly or highly significantly positive correlations among polyphenol compounds, free amino acid, senior fatty acids with mid-parent value, low-parent value, but no significant difference with high-parent value or difference between two parents; the correlation coefficients between parents and offspring were little and no significant for petroleum ether extracts, non-volatile organic acid and total content of organic acid. Aroma matters except products degraded by carotene could be significantly or highly significantly affected by parents, and there were close positive relationships with high-parent and mid-parent values, but feeble relationships with low-parent value and difference between two parents. The correlation coefficients between parents and offspring of products degraded by carotene were not significant.6. The heterosis of F₁ combination was analyzed and the result indicated that: （1） Both polyphenol compounds and free amino acid showed negative heterosis over mid-parent and high-parent; petroleum ether extracts showed positive heterosis over mid-parent and negative heterosis over high-parent, however, but there still was 13 combinations with positive heterosis over high-parent. （2） The order of heterosis over mid-parent was non-volatile organic acid > saturated senior fatty acid > total content of organic acid > non-saturated senior fatty acid. The order of heterosis over high-parent was the same as heterosis over mid-parent. Non-volatile organic acid and total content of organic acid showed negative heterosis over high-parent, but there still were 15 and 20 combinations with positive heterosis over high-parent, respectively. （3） All kinds of neutral aroma matter showed positive heterosis over mid-parent. The order of heterosis over mid-parent was: neoplytadiene > total content of neutral aroma matter > products of aromatic amino > products degraded by carotene > products degraded by cembrane > products of Maillard reaction. The order of heterosis over high-parent was the same as heterosis over mid-parent. Both neoplytadiene and total content of neutral aroma matter showed positive heterosis over high-parent and other aroma matters showed negative heterosis over high-parent, however, there still were many combinations with positive heterosis over high-parent.7. The heterosis relationship analysis of all kinds of aroma matter in flue-cured tobacco indicated that there were highly significant correlations among different kinds of heterosis for polyphenol compounds and petroleum ether extracts, but no significant correlations with free amino acid. There were highly significant correlations among different kinds of heterosis for organic acids except non-volatile organic acid. Significant or highly significant correlations among heterosis over mid-parent and among heterosis over the better parent were found for most volatile aroma components except products of Maillard reaction and products degraded by cembrane.更多还原