【作者】 胡锦梁；

【导师】 李晓松；

【作者基本信息】 四川大学 ， 流行病与卫生统计学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 目的本研究为中国-联合国人口基金第五周期生殖健康／计划生育项目之子课题“母婴保健中的社会性别相关问题研究”，旨在将社会性别视角引入母婴保健行为影响因素的分析，从而更全面地探讨母婴保健行为及其相关因素，尤其是引入定量研究方法探索母婴保健中的社会性别影响模式。方法设计问卷和定性访谈提纲在项目县开展调查。借鉴“哈佛框架”、“摩塞框架”以及“社会性别分析法”的相关内容，初步构建母婴保健行为的社会性别分析框架或理论模型。在此基础上，采用结构方程模型进行实证研究，即根据现场调查数据拟合模型、验证或进一步修正理论模型。结果农村妇女社会经济地位较低，表现为农业劳动呈现妇女化，妇女非农就业率低；女性的个人收入普遍比男性低；90.3％的妇女文化程度在初中及以下；妇女政治参与意识和行动不足。农村家庭规模以主干家庭为主，20.3％的家庭婚前经济状况婆家好于娘家，在家庭日常生活中，妇女家庭地位与男性相当或略高，但在家庭比较重要的事务中，决策权仍主要掌握在男性手中。妇女社会性别意识各条目得分普遍不高，尤其表现在性的平等意识以及对男性的领导态度上。在生育观上，农村妇女对妇科病的发生与男性有关达到普遍共识，对月经期保健知识掌握情况较好，而对孕期高危症状的认识不足。在妇女保健行为上，91％的妇女进行了产前检查；未住院分娩的妇女占29.75％；孕期妇女普遍会加强营养，减少劳动负荷。母乳喂养率虽达到94.5％，但早开奶率却很低。在儿童卫生服务利用中，15％的妇女在孩子生病时不去就医，而就医机构以乡镇卫生院选择频率最高，达46.25％。调查显示没有采取避孕措施的妇女人流率高于采取了措施的妇女。通过结构方程模型分析，获得母婴保健行为的社会性别影响模式：妇女社会经济地位、家庭地位，以及丈夫的关爱直接影响母保健行为及服务的利用，而妇女社会性别意识和自我保健意识及知识间接影响其保健行为。结论提高农村妇女社会经济、家庭地位和社会性别意识是在母婴保健工作中需要加强的一个重要领域，其关键是提高农村妇女的文化程度，提高妇女的非农就业率，增加妇女的个人收入，通过各种社会性别项目强化妇女自我意识，进而促进母婴保健。更多还原

【Abstract】 ObjectivesFor introducing the gender view to the maternal and newborn healthcare, especially bringing the quantitative investigation to the gender-analysis frame, this research is a part of "Research on gender-related issues in maternal and newborn healthcare", sub-topic of The Fifth Cycle of China/UNFPA Reproductive Health and Family Planning (RH/FP) Project. Thus, we can see healthcare behavior and its influence factors comprehensively.MethodsInvestigate the target women in village of An’xian, using the designed questionnaire and outline for interview. We build theoretical model in maternal and newborn healthcare behavior primarily, referring to the Harvard Frame and Moser’s Frame. Further, conduct empirical research using the structure equation model (SEM), in other words, confirm or modify the theoretical model based on surveying data.ResultsThe socioeconomic status of women in An’xian is lower than men. It shows most women work in agriculture, employmental rate of women in non- agriculture is low, 90.3% women’s highest educational degree in survey are junior middle school or below, women’s private income in last year are few than men’s, and they have no consciousness that the actions such as voting for election are their own rights, so their enthusiasm to politics participating is few. Three-generation family occupies most in village, only 20.3 % of families’ Economic level before marriage, husbands are prior than those of wives. In household daily life, women’s status almost rose to equal or higher than men’s, but as something important in family is concerned, men still grasped the power of decision making. The score of the items those measure the women’s gender consciousness is low, especially on the equality of sex and the attitude on men’s leading. On the view of birth, village women recognized gynopathic occurrence is related to men’s health. They master the knowledge of health during menstrual period well, but were lack of recognition on high risk symptom in duration of pregnancy. 91% of surveyed women has carried on the prenatal examination, majority of those who has not done regard the prenatal examination as disease diagnosis. The survey tell us the birthrate in non-hospitalization was high to 29.75 %. Women in duration of pregnancy generally will strengthen bodies nutrition, lessen working load. Although the rate of breast feeding reached on 94.5 %, the time when first breast feeding is late after birth. In the utilization of child health service, 15% of women didn’t carry their illed child to hospital. Towns Health centers are the first choice when their child was illed, frequency is 46.25 % .The results also show induced abortion rate is higher who didn’t adopt contraception than who did. Finally, we get the gender view model in maternal and newborn healthcare through SEM, that is the factors including socioeconomic status, status in family, and concern from husband have effect on the maternal and newborn healthcare behavior and utilization, the ones including gender consciousness and self-health care consciousness have the indirect effect.ConclusionVillage women’s gender consciousness and self-health care consciousness or knowledge has effect on the health behavior indirectly. It’s an important link for maternal and newborn health service in villages to improve socioeconomic status, status in family, gender consciousness of women. The critical measures are improving women’s educational level, employment rate in non-agricultural career, increasing women’s private income, and developing various kinds of projects under gender view to strengthen women self-awareness, then maternal and newborn healthcare will be promoted.更多还原