【作者】 熊英灼；

【导师】 廖永安；

【作者基本信息】 湘潭大学 ， 诉讼法， 2007， 硕士

【副题名】以司法证明为中心

【摘要】 证据法学是研究证据的发现、收集,以及运用证据在符合一定法律规范的前提下,证明案件真实的过程的一门学科。司法证明是民事诉讼的核心程序,也是证据法律制度的核心。归根结底,司法证明是对“真”的反思和回溯的过程。证据法律制度和“真”的问题的探讨存在着密切的关系,诉讼中查明案件事实的司法证明活动,既是一种认识活动,又是一种价值选择活动。因此仅仅探讨本体意义上的“真”并不能完全解决证据法律制度所面临的问题,而必须将价值评判引入证据法律制度基础理论的探讨之中。作为诉讼程序的核心环节、作为证据的运用过程的司法证明活动往往体现出强烈的价值要求:证据自身所具有的功利性和运用性特点决定了运用证据的各方都得将体现诉讼的相关价值取向作为推进证据行为的原始动力;而且证据的运用过程又必然与社会的大众评价标准相互联系,以体现运用证据行为之内在的善与恶的对立与权衡。文章从司法证明的特点入手,阐述了司法证明实践中价值选择的本质;深入分析了民事证据制度目的的层次性与价值选择多样性的关系,并对司法证明活动中的价值权衡与选择进行了全面探析,认为自由、秩序、公正、效益、安定是我国民事证据法律制度的基本价值目标;同时提出了价值选择应遵循合规律性与合目的性相统一、公共利益与个人利益相统一、兼顾多样与突出重点相统一、择优与代价相统一的原则。马克思主义价值论作为诉讼证据制度的理论基础之一,我们认为一方面应当能对证据立法具有指导意义,另一方面应当为已经存在的证据规则提供合理的解释,也就是说,在已经存在的证据法律体制下,对证据规则存在的合理性进行说明。基于此,文章最后对证据收集制度、举证时限与证据交换制度、证明责任与证明标准、以及具体的证据规则等我国现行的主要民事证据制度进行了价值方面的评析,并就如何进一步完善提出了相关建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 The science of evidence act is a Discipline to study the process of discovering, collecting evidence and using evidence, according to the law, to find the truth in cases. The judicial proof is the core procedure of civil proceedings, and also the core of evidence law system .Eventually, judicial proof is the process of rethinking and tracing“the truth”. The science of evidence act has germane relationship with the discussion of“the truth”. In the course of litigation, the judicial proof action of finding out the facts is not only an action of cognizing, but also an action of value choice. Therefore, to discuss“the truth”itself only is not enough to resolve the problems completely in the science of evidence act, and it’s necessary to introduce value judgment into the discussion of the basic theories of the science of evidence act. Judicial proof action as the proceedings core areas, and as the process of the evidence utilization is often strongly reflected on the axiology of requirements : Evidence themselves with the characteristic of utilitarian and application had decided that using evidence of all parties will have to reflect the relative value orientation of litigation as the original motivation to advance the evidence behaviour; Moreover the process of the evidence utilization has inevitably interrelated with the public evaluation criteria to demonstrating the intrinsic of good-versus-evil and balance in the utilize of evidence behaviour . From the characteristics of judicial proof, this paper discusses the essential of value choice in the process of judicial proof; the author made a deep analysis of the relations between the pluralistic aim of civil evidence and the varieties of value choice, and made comprehensive exploration of the value balance and value choice in the course of judicial proof. Considered that freedom, order, justice, efficiency and stability are the fundamental values goals of legal system of civil evidence. Meanwhile the value of options ought to be followed the principles of the unification of regularity and purposefulness, the unification of public interest and personal interest , the unification of giving attention to two or more things and giving prominence to the key points ,and the unification of preferential and expense. Marxist axiology as one of the theoretical foundations concerning system of litigation evidence, We think that should be able to have guiding significance to evidence legislation, On the other hand there ought to be provide a reasonable explanation for rules of evidence which already existed, that is to say, under the legal framework of evidence which already existed, carried on the explanation to the rationality of evidence rule existence. Based on this, the article finally carries the aspects of axiology evaluation on our country present main civil evidence system ,such as the evidence collection system, the presented evidence the time limit and the evidence exchange system, the certificate responsibility and the certificate standard, as well as the concrete evidence rules and so on, and offered some corresponding suggestions on how to consummate these systems further.更多还原