【作者】 苏玉燕；

【导师】 吕成文；

【作者基本信息】 安徽师范大学 ， 地图学与地理信息系统， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 城市是一个人口、资金、科学技术、信息等高度集中的人工生态系统。城市扩展特别是城乡交错带土地利用/土地覆被变化过程、空间特征和社会经济机制,成为国际上城市地理、土地利用等研究领域的热点问题之一。城乡交错带是城市向乡村的过渡地带,是城市化最直接、最敏感的地区,在土地利用上具有特殊性,也存在不少问题。随着我国城乡经济的迅速发展,城市与乡村之间的相互影响与作用日趋强烈,由此所激发和暴露出的城市边缘区发展与建设方面的问题与矛盾十分突出。本文借助遥感和GIS技术,采用多时期连续对比法对TM,ETM+等多源卫星遥感影像和2004年1:10万芜湖市影像地图进行土地利用人机交互解译,获得了高精度的芜湖市区1988、2001、2004年三个时期土地利用图;同时充分发挥GIS技术在管理空间数据和属性数据、空间分析与输出成果图等方面的强大功能,着重从芜湖市土地利用动态变化、建成区用地扩展特征及土地利用变化驱动机制来分析芜湖市城市土地利用的变化特征。主要内容如下所述:(1)农用地面积不断减少,非农用地(工矿仓储用地、住宅用地和交通运输用地)面积不断增加,耕地不断被非农用地侵占,且不同时期农用地向非农用地转化的空间分布又有自己的特点;此外,随着时间的推移,整个景观的景观异质性提高,土地趋于多样化,且各种景观类型的变化又各具特点。(2)芜湖市城市用地扩展的阶段性特征反映出经济发展特征。在经济高速发展时期多数表现为沿交通轴蔓延、跳跃生长,推动大规模的开发区及道路交通建设;在经济高速发展准备期则表现为对建成区内部空地的填充。经济发展的速度始终是芜湖市建成区扩展主导影响因子和驱动力。(3)通过缓冲区分析,探求芜湖市建成区扩展的特征和规律。分析结果显示芜湖市建成区用地扩展具有以同心圆圈层式扩展模式为基础,同时呈现明显的放射状扩展模式和分散集团式扩展的特点。自内而外可分为五个圈层第一圈层功能以居住和商业金融服务为主,且居住用地比重偏大;第二圈层农用地比重较大,是城区即将扩展的部分,特别是东部;第三四圈层是开发区所在地,非农建设用地比重大,是芜湖市分散集团式布局模式的体现,且从发展的眼光看,这里将继续向外扩张。(4)城市土地利用变化是城市性质、职能、自身的交通位置条件、自然地形条件、人口增长以及其它社会经济等因素综合作用的结果,是城市化过程,尤其是城区与郊区城市化在空间布局与结构上的具体反映。自然地理环境的地区差异决定了城市土地利用的宏观格局;但在较短的时间范围内,经济政策、行政区划调整、城市规划等政策因素、社会经济基础以及交通通达性对城市土地利用变化具有重要影响。并同时通过对区域社会经济等要素的分析,探求芜湖市土地利用变化的主要驱动力因素;分析结果显示芜湖市土地利用变化的驱动因子可以归纳为经济发展、人口增长及现代化科技水平。更多还原

【Abstract】 The urban is an artificial ecosystem of highly centralized population, fund, science and technology, information, etc. Urban expansion, especially the process, spatial characters and social economic mechanism of land use and land cover change in urban-rural ecotone has become one of the international research hotspots in urban geography and land use fields. Urban-rural ecotone is a transition region between urban and rural area, also the most direct and sensitive area of urbanization. Its land use has particularities and many problems. With the rapid development of our urban and rural economy, the influence and interaction between urban and rural area has become gradually fierce. Therefore the problems and the contradictions, which are stirred and exposed in the development and construction of the urban and rural ecotone, are very outstanding.In this thesis , supported by RS and GIS technology, using the method of multi-temporal-sequence-comparison, vector maps of land use in 1988, 2001 and 2004 are obtained respectively by man computer interactive interpretation of multi-temporal satellite images including TM,ETM+ and Pan of Wuhu in 1988 and 2001, as well as 1:100,000 image map of Wuhu in 2004. Meanwhile, exerting the powerful GIS functions, such as spatial data and attribute data management, spatial analysis, result map output and so on, the change characters of the urban land use in Wuhu are emphatically discussed from the land use dynamic change, the expansion of build-up area and the driving mechanism of the land use dynamic change. The main contents are as follows:(1) The results indicate that the area of agricultural land is decreasing; but the area of the non-agricultural land such as industrial land, residential land and traffic land is increasing; the arable land is occupied by non-agricultural land constantly, and the spatial distribution with which the agricultural land has been transformed into the non-agricultural land has own characteristcs during the different period; moreover, with time going, landscape heterogeneity is improved, the land tend to be diversification, and the change of all types of landscape has their own characteristics.(2) The stage characteristics of urban expansion in Wuhu city reflect the economic development characteristics. During the period of the high economic development, the urban spreads along the transportation axis, or jumps into another place where is not related to the built-up area, and impels the large-scale development zone and the road traffic construction; during the preparation period of the high economic development, urban expansion displays to pack the interior open area in the built-up area. The economic development speed is the main driving force of the built-up area expansion in Wuhu.(3) The characteristics and rules of the expansion of build-up area in Wuhu city are discussed by buffer analysis. The results indicate that, the expansion of build-up areas in Wuhu city obviously presents the radial and the dispersible group spatial growth based on the concentric circle pattern. It can be divided into five circles: in the first cirle, the large part is the residential land and the commercial finance service land, and the proportion of the residential land is bigger; in the second cirle, the major is the agricultural land where is to be expand, especially in the northeast and southeast; in the third and fourth circles, the non-agricultural construction land occupies the dominant position, which is the development zone and embodies the dispersible group growth pattern in Wuhu city. From developing vision, the urban will continue to expand here.(4) The urban land use dynamic change is resulted from many factors functioned comprehensively, such as the city properties, function, transportation conditions, natural topographical conditions, population growth and other social economy factors. It is also the specific reflection of the spatial pattern and structure of urbanization, especially the urban and suburban urbanization. The regional disparity of natural geography environment decides macroscopic pattern. But in shorter time, the policy factors, such as the economic policy, the adjustment of the administrative area and the urban planning, the social economic foundation and the transportation have the important influence to the urban land use dynamic change. Also, the driving forces of land use dynamic change are explained by analysis of social and economic factors in Wuhu city. The results indicate that the main driving forces can be concluded as economic development, population growth and the level of science and technology.更多还原