【作者】 刘广栋；

【导师】 程久苗；

【作者基本信息】 安徽师范大学 ， 人文地理学， 2007， 硕士

【副题名】以安徽、山东为例

【摘要】 “三农”问题长期存在,当前,“三农”问题的凸现与中国经济的高速增长极不和谐,同时也成为中国经济进一步持续增长的瓶颈。实行了近30年的现行农村土地产权制度随着制度效率的递减,已成为导致“三农”问题产生和制约“三农”问题解决的主要因素。基于“三农”问题这个平台,对中国农村土地产权制度进行研究,进而探索解决“三农”问题的途径具有重要意义。新制度经济学认为,制度创新是经济增长的一个重要内生变量。本文在新制度经济学产权理论的指导下,论述了农村土地产权制度创新对“三农”发展重要意义。文章从历史和区域的角度考察了“三农”问题的产生和特征,分别阐述了农业生产、农民增收和农村发展与农村土地产权制度的关系;沿着建国以来农村土地产权制度变迁的路径,制度创新的供给与需求分析,就中东部地区提出了以县级集体经济组织为所有权主体的家庭承包经营的产权制度模式设计。文章全文共分为六章:第一章绪言。回顾了“三农”问题出现以来理论界的主要认识和解决问题的主要途径,并对建国以来,尤其是改革开放以来中国农村土地产权制度的理论进展进行了综述。针对各个时期发表文献数量的多少,研究重点和中心的不同,将土地产权制度研究分为5个阶段,并分别就每个阶段研究中心的转移和原因进行了分析。本章对马克思关于产权制度,制度变迁的理论与新制度经济学关于产权制度和制度变迁的理论进行了对比分析,对有关概念进行了阐述,这是文章对中国农村土地产权制度研究的主要理论基础。此外,分别对交易费用、公共选择理论等理论及其在中国农村产权制度研究中的作用和应用作了阐述。第二章“三农”问题的主要特征。提出了“三农”问题具有历史阶段性和区域差异性的时空特征。考察了在过去的几千年中,不同的社会制度下的“三农”问题在土地产权制度这一基本制度基础之上的演变状况。通过十几个涉及“三农”发展的主要指标,利用主因子和聚类分析等方法,分析了现阶段“三农”发展的区域差异及存在的主要问题,指出生产力发展水平及“三农”发展的不平衡要求农村土地产权制度多元化。本章在诸多理论研究成果的基础上提出了“三农”问题的分析框架,认为“三农”问题的解决是一个巨大的系统工程,必须各个方面协调发展,“三农”问题的解决有赖农村土地制度的创新。第三章中国农村土地产权制度现状及运行状况调查。对“农村土地产权”、“土地制度”等概念进行了阐释,对产权与所有权、集体所有权与集体所有制进行了对比;在此基础上提出了“产权剩余”的概念,并以此来分析中国现行农村土地产权制度运行中存在的问题;综合分析了中国现行农村土地产权制度运行中典型的实践模式,优点与不足。通过调查问卷(以安徽、山东省为主)和统计分析,利用已有的实证和研究成果,综合运用经济学、统计学的研究方法,对调研资料和既有成果进行归类、整理。在此基础上总结、归纳出了中国现行农村土地制度存在的主要问题。文章对建国以来中国农村土地产权制度的制度变迁和边际调整作了综合研究,总结了中国土地制度和政策调整的变迁特点,理论与实践相互磨合的变化过程。第四章农村土地产权制度创新与“三农”发展。文章就改革开放以来农业生产、农民收入和农村经济发展的状况和存在的问题进行了详细的解读,分析了问题的出现与农村土地产权制度的关系以及农业增产、农民增收和新农村建设对农村土地产权制度的要求。利用戴维·菲尼的供求分析框架为基础,对中国农村土地产权制度需求与供给的影响因素进行分析,指出中国农村土地产权制度处于制度非均衡状态,无论普通农民,还是理论界和政府对现行土地产权制度处于一种不满足、欲变而未变的状态。第五章农村土地产权制度创新。结合前文的分析,文章提出了中国农村土地产权制度创新的创新原则,将乡镇、村、村民小组(或集体经济组织)三级所有的模式统一调整为县级集体经济组织所有的所有权设计模式。在此所有权模式下,再进行多元化的经营权模式创新,分步实施,根据区域实际情况因地而异。论述了创新模式的优点和意义,以及对相关制度创新的要求。第六章结论与讨论。本章对全文进行了结论性概括,提出了本文的创新点以及不足和需要改进之处。更多还原

【Abstract】 Emerging of rural-farmer-agriculture problems, unadvanced agriculture producing, slow farmer-income increasing, stagnant rural economy developing, is very disharmony contrast with the economy development in high speed in China. Meanwhile, it becomes a bottleneck of economy developing further more. Efficiency of current rural land institution that have carried out for almost 30 years is descending, and it is the primary factor to lead the rural-farmer-agriculture problems come into being, to restrict the problems resolving. So it is significant meaning to study rural land institution based on rural-farmer-agriculture problems and to explore a method to resolve it.New institutional economics take for that institution innovation is an inner variable to promote economy development. Under the guidance of new institutional economics, the thesis reviews the causes of the emerging and the character of rural-farmer-agriculture problems. The relationship between the production of agriculture, income of farmer, development of rural and the rural land property right institution are expatiated on in the paper. The thesis put forward a pattern of the Household Responsibility System under the County Collectivity proprietorship in the central eastward areas along the transitional path of the rural land property right institution from 1949 and the analyses of support and demand of institutional innovation. This article consists of 6 chapters.Chapter 1: General Introduction. In this chapter, primary cognitions and methods are reviewed from the emerging of rural-farmer-agriculture problems, and the theories evolvement of the rural land property right institution are summarized from 1949, especially from the Reform and Opening. The studies on rural land property right institution are divided into 5 periods to analyze according sums of the papers published in every period and the emphases and centers of the studies.Some concepts of Marxism and New Institutional economics are explained, which are the theory basis of this article, such as law of Transaction Costs, Property Right theory, law of Pubic Choice, etc..Chapter 2: Primary Character of Rural-farmer-agriculture Problems. Problems of Rural-farmer-agriculture that have space-time character of historical periodicity and regional diversity are generalized in the chapter. The article surveys the evolvement situations of rural-farmer-agriculture problems under various social systems based on the basic institution, land property right, in the past several thousand years. Regional diversity and existed problems of rural-farmer-agriculture development are analyzed by factor analysis and cluster analysis with more than 10 primary indexes concerned with it, and point out that the imbalance of productivity and rural-farmer-agriculture development needs various rural land property right institutions.An analysis framework of rural-farmer-agriculture problems are set up based on some theoretic study fruits. The paper reckons on that to resolve the problems of rural-farmer-agriculture is a giant system project, every aspect must develop in concert. To resolve the problems depends on the innovation of rural land property right institution.Chapter 3: Investigations on status quo of rural land property right institution. The concepts, such as rural land property right institution, land system, property right and ownership, collective possession right, are explained or contrasted, on the basis of which the paper bring forward the concept, right residual, with which use to analyze the problems existed during the rural land property right institution carrying out. The advantage and disadvantage of typical practice patterns are summarized during the rural land property right institution carry out at current in China.The important problems existed in the currently rural land property right institution are generalized by investigated questionnaire and statistical analysis, demonstration and study fruits, study methods of economics and statistics. The transferring will of farmer household land recedes after agriculture tax abolished, analyzed by contingency table among the families of different incoming level at before and after the agriculture tax abolished. The evolvement traits between rural land system and land policies are summarized through synthetically study, find the change process of theories and practices tally with each other.Chapter 4: The Rural Land Property Right Institution and Rural-farmer-agriculture Development. The paper has a particular unscramble about the situation and problems of agriculture producing, farmer income, rural economy development, and analyzes the causes and request for rural land property right institution.The paper points out that rural land property right institution is unbalanced by analyses of the support and demand influential factors of it on the basis of David’s analytic framework. Either farmers or theorists, officials are dissatisfied with the institution, and are in the state that wants to change, but still do not change. In this case, the compulsive evolvement of government is necessary, which can make up for the lack of institutional support led by the potential profits inductivity evolvement.Chapter 5: Innovation of Rural Land Property Right Institution. According mentioned above, the paper sets up some innovation principles, and designs an ownership pattern that to unite the three-grade land owner, town, village, group, into one, the county. And then, to innovate the various use right, carry into execution step by step, different from area to area. The innovation pattern’s advantages and significant, require for other correlative institutions’innovation are discussed in the chapter.Chapter 6: Conclusion and Discussion. To summarize the whole article as a conclusion, and the main achievements as well as limitation and further research are put forward.更多还原