【作者】 鄢华；

【导师】 周小秋；

【作者基本信息】 四川农业大学 ， 水产养殖， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 选择初始体重为15.98±0.02g的健康幼建鲤258尾，随机平均分成两组，每组129尾，每组设3个重复，每个重复43尾鱼。两个处理组分别为1组和2组，分别饲喂赖氨酸缺乏饲料（赖氨酸水平为1.00％）和添加赖氨酸的饲料（赖氨酸水平为1.75％）。试验期60天，主要考察赖氨酸缺乏时幼建鲤的临床症状、幼建鲤肠道菌群的变化和深入研究赖氨酸缺乏对消化能力的影响。生长实验结束后用嗜水气单胞菌攻毒，攻毒后按常规饲养管理再饲养17天，深入研究赖氨酸对幼建鲤免疫能力的影响及其作用方式。试验结果表明：赖氨酸缺乏组幼建鲤出现缺乏症，具体表现为：体色发黑、生长受阻、瘦背。赖氨酸缺乏显著或极显著地降低幼建鲤的增重（P＜0.05）、摄饵量（P＜0.01）、饲料利用率（P＜0.05）、蛋白沉积率（P＜0.01）、脂肪沉积率（P＜0.01）、灰分沉积率（P＜0.01）、肠重（P＜0.01）、肠长（P＜0.01）、肠体指数（P＜0.01）、肠胰蛋白酶活性（P＜0.01）、糜蛋白酶活性（P＜0.01）、γ-谷氨酰转肽酶（P＜0.01）和肌酸激酶（P＜0.01）的活性，但对肝胰脏重量和淀粉酶活性的影响不显著（P＞0.05）。赖氨酸缺乏组幼建鲤的攻毒后成活率比赖氨酸正常组低20％，进一步研究发现赖氨酸缺乏引起幼建鲤红白细胞数量极显著降低（P＜0.01），攻毒后血清中凝集素（P＜0.05）、补体C₄（P＜0.05）、酸性磷酸酶（P＜0.01）和类IgM（P＜0.01）分别显著或极显著的降低，但对头肾、中肾、脾脏、血清中补体C₃和转铁蛋白的影响不显著（P＞0.05）。赖氨酸缺乏导致肠道乳酸杆菌数量极显著（P＜0.01）降低，大肠杆菌和嗜水气单胞菌数量极显著（P＜0.01）升高，但对肠道芽孢杆菌的数量无显著的影响（P＞0.05）。结果说明：赖氨酸缺乏会导致幼建鲤出现缺乏症，主要表现为：体色发黑、生长受阻、瘦背；赖氨酸缺乏降低幼建鲤从碱性氨基酸结合位点降解蛋白质和从芳香族氨基酸结合位点降解蛋白质的能力；赖氨酸缺乏可通过降低幼建鲤对病原菌的识别、粘附和溶菌能力而降低幼建鲤的疾病抵抗能力；赖氨酸缺乏导致幼建鲤肠道菌群失衡，引起有害菌大肠杆菌和嗜水气单胞菌数量增加，有益菌乳酸杆菌数量降低。更多还原

【Abstract】 This study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary lysine deficient on intestinal microflora, digestive enzyme and immune function of juvenile Jian Carp （cyprinus carpio Var.Jian）. 258 juvenile Jian carps with initial weight 15.98±0.02g were allocated to 2 treatments randomly, with 129 juvenile Jian carps in each treatment. Each treatment had 3 replications, feeding diets with lysine deficient or not , fed respectively for 60 days to determine the effect of lysine deficient on intestinal microflora and digestive function of Jian Carp. After 60-day feeding, a challenge trial was couducted by injection of Aeromonas Hydrophila （AH）, then fed for 17 days to determine the effect of lysine deficient on immune function of Jian Carp.The results showed that: lysine deficient made Jian Carp become black and muscular dystrophy .Dietary lysine deficient decreased significantly or great significantly weight gain （ P＜0.05 ）, feed intake （ P＜0.01 ）, feed conversion efficiency （ P＜0.05 ）, intestine weight （P＜0.01） , intestine length （P＜0.01） , intestine index （ intestine weight/body weight） （P＜0.01）, activity of trypsin （P＜0.01） , activity ofchymotrypsin （P＜0.01）, activity of gama-glutamyl transferase（γ-GT） （P＜0.01）, activity ofcreatinkinase （P＜0.01）, blood hematocyte counts （P＜0.01）, serum lectin （P＜0.05） ,serum alexin C₄ （P＜0.05）, serum acid phosphatase （P＜0.01） and serum sim--IgM （P＜0.01） of Jian carp. Hepatopancreas weight, spleen weight, pronephros weight, mesonephros weight, serum alexin C₃ and serum Transfetrin （P＞0.05 ） had no difference between two treatment in statistics. Bacteriological analysis results showed that the intestinal lactobacillus counts （P＜0.01） decreased with Escherichia coli （P＜0.01） and Aeromonas hydrophila counts （P＜0.01） increased great significantly when dietary lysine was deficient.In summary, lysine deficient resulted in juvenile Jian carp became black and muscular dystrophy; dietary lysine deficient degraded protein digestion through degrading ability of decomposing from basic amino acid binding site and aromatic amino acid binding site; dietary lysine deficient degraded significantly immune of juvenile Jian carp through degrading ability of identification, adhesion and bacteriolysis; dietary lysine deficient resulted in intestinal lactobacillus counts decreasing with Escherichia coli and Aeromonas hydrophila counts increasing great significantly.更多还原