【作者】 曹正勇；

【导师】 肖洪安；

【作者基本信息】 四川农业大学 ， 农林经济管理， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 为了适应经济全球化和应对知识经济时代的挑战，越来越多的企业开始对企业的组织结构和边界进行调整。一方面，企业并购在全球各地风起云涌。另一方面，中国的市场经济不断发展完善，企业在改革的实践中不断前进。国有企业在改革中不断缩小自己的边界，民营企业却在不断扩大自己。在改革中，不管是国有企业还是民营企业都付出了巨大的试错成本。正是基于以上的背景和原因，对企业的扩展边界的理论研究具有极其重要的理论价值和广泛的实践意义。20世纪90年代以来，交易费用经济学得到快速发展，加深了人们对企业边界变动规律的认识。新制度经济学家对企业的边界理论作出了重大贡献。他们从多个角度分析了企业扩展边界的影响因素。在实际研究中，他们的理论和模型除了超边际分模型外主要是建立在交易费用理论和古典经济学的基础上，而新兴古典经济学的企业边界模型建立在由斯密而来的分工理论和超边际分析理论的基础上，他们都放弃了劳动价值论。基于以上原因，本文从企业生存的角度尝试对两者的理论进行融合，试图从一种新的角度来分析企业的扩展边界，将交易成本理论和基于分工理论的观点的研究成果应用到企业扩展边界的分析中。本文认为企业边界的研究内容集中在两个方面，第一个方面是企业的存在边界，第二个方面是企业的扩展边界，指出了在生产技术记得条件下的企业的扩展边界的决定因素：企业内部交易费用和专业化经济程度，从而从企业生存的角度对企业的存在的基础和企业的扩展边界的决定因素进行研究。通过对建立在劳动价值论和分工理论基础上的数学模型的分析，本文指出，企业的生存必须以获得剩余价值为基础，而在竞争中获得超过自身创造的剩余价值的能力是企业不断扩展的物质基础。而企业的这种能力在拥有既定生产技术的企业而言由企业的专业化经济程度决定；企业的扩展边界由企业内部交易费用和企业的专业化经济程度决定。企业在内部交易费用呈现递减趋势的阶段决不应该停止对劳动力的投入，企业必须而且应该继续扩大规模；企业扩展的边界存在于内部交易费用呈现递增趋势的阶段。此时的企业的扩展边界(或者说企业的最优劳动力雇佣量)由下式决定：本文研究试图通过以上分析，希望将交易成本理论和基于分工理论的观点的研究成果应用到企业扩展边界的分析中，希望在此基础上形成对企业性质和扩展边界决定的更趋合理而全面的解释，并对企业的边界战略提供指导。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to adapt to challenges arising from globalization and information age, more and more companies are ready to adjust organization structures and firm boundaries. On the one hand, global annexing between companies becomes more common; on the other hand, companies try and proceed with great change and reform taking place in the market economy of China. The state-owned enterprises keep reducing their boundaries in the reform, while the private enterprises are unceasingly expanding their boundaries. In reform, no matter state-owned enterprise or private enterprise have all paid the huge trial mistake cost.Because of the background and reasons, researches on firm boundaries have great values in theory and practice. Since 1990s, the transactional cost economics has been able to have learned the fast development, deepened the people to the enterprise boundary change rule understanding. The new institution economist has made the significant contribution to enterprise’s boundary theory. They analyzed the influence factor of the enterprise’s expansion boundary from many angles. In the actual research, their theory and the model divide the model besides of the ultra boundary mainly are the establishment in the transactional cost theory and in the classical economic foundation, but the new-classical economic enterprise boundary model establishment in the division of labor theory by Smith and in the inframarginal analysis theory foundation which comes, they all gave up the work theory of value. Based on above reasons, this paper carries on the fusion from the enterprise survival angle attempt to both theory, attempts to analyze the enterprise from one kind of new angle the expansion boundary, applies the transactional cost theory and based on the division of labor theory viewpoint research results the enterprise to expand the boundary in the analysis. This paper thought the enterprise boundary the research content concentrates in two aspects, the first aspect is enterprise’s existence boundary, the second aspect is enterprise’s expansion boundary, had pointed out remembers under the condition in the production technology enterprise’s expansion boundary determining factor: Enterprise internal transaction expense and specialized economical degree, thus conducts the research from the enterprise survival angle to enterprise’s existence foundation and enterprise’s expansion boundary determining factor. Through the theories based on the work theory of value and the division of labor rationale mathematical model analysis, this paper pointed out that, enterprise’s survival must take obtain the surplus value as a foundation, but obtains in the competition surpasses own creation surplus value ability is the material base which the enterprise expands unceasingly. But enterprise’s this kind of ability is having decides the production technology the enterprise to say by enterprise’s specialized economical degree decision; Enterprise’s expansion boundary by enterprise interior transaction expense and enterprise’s specialized economical degree decision. The enterprise presents the dipression tendency in the internal transaction expense the stage to be supposed to stop in no way to the labor force investment, the enterprise having moreover to be supposed to continue to expand the scale; The enterprise expands the boundary exists in the internal transaction expense presents the increasing tendency the stage. This time enterpdse’s expansion boundary(or said enterprise most superior labor force employment quantity) decided by the equation below:This paper studies attempts to analyze through above, hoped applies the transaction cost theory and based on the division of labor theory viewpoint research results the enterprise to expand the boundary in the analysis, hoped forms in this foundation to the enterprise nature and expands the boundary to decide to hasten reasonable and the comprehensive explanation, and provides the instruction to enterprise’s boundary strategy.更多还原