【作者】 杨军；

【导师】 李荣伟； 胡庭兴；

【作者基本信息】 四川农业大学 ， 森林培育， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 本文对松潘亚高山主要人工林群落种群结构、物种多样性、群落稳定性等进行了研究。研究结论如下：(1)亚高山植物群落的Patrick丰富度指数、Simpson和Shannon-wiener多样性指数以及Pielou和Alatalo均匀度指数在群落梯度上的分布基本呈现出较一致的变化趋势。从群落起源来看，平均物种丰富度指数原始林＞次生林＞人工林＞灌丛，平均物种多样性指数和均匀度指数均为人工林＞次生林＞原始林＞灌丛。其中，四川红杉人工林、油松人工林、云杉红桦常绿落叶针阔混交林、紫果云杉原始林和岷江冷杉原始林具有较高的多样性指数。(2)不同生长型植物物种丰富度指数在群落梯度上呈现出草本层＞灌木层＞乔木层的趋势，乔-灌层丰富度具显著差异，乔-草层、灌-草层丰富度具极显著差异。大部分群落草本层的Simpson指数和Shannon-wiener指数都最大，灌木层次之，乔木层最小，说明草本层对群落多样性的贡献最大；各生长型多样性指数差异性较大，不论是乔-灌、乔-草还是灌-草之间的多样性指数都具极显著差异。不同生长型均匀度指数在群落梯度上的分布没有明显的规律性，除部分群落外，乔木层均匀度指数小于草本层和灌木层，部分灌木层均匀度大于草本层，另一部分则小于草本层；灌-草层之间均匀度不存在显著差异，只有乔-草层之间Pielou指数具极显著差异。不同生长型植物各项指数在群落间的变异性均为乔木层＞灌木层＞草本层。(3)几种人工林群落中，四川红杉林和油松林主林层和次林层没有明显的分界，各层个体分布数目较均匀，林下出现较多更新幼苗，更新情况较为良好。粗枝云杉林和桦木林群落相对而言种群结构较简单，林相单一，种群结构较为不合理。(4)几种人工林群落的乔木层物种丰富度指数大小顺序为四川红杉林＞油松林＞桦木林＞粗枝云杉林；多样性指数四川红杉林最大，桦木林和粗枝云杉林相对较低；桦木林均匀度最高，四川红杉和油松林次之，两者差异不大，粗枝云杉林最低。灌木层各项指数差异不大，仍然是四川红杉林和油松林丰富度和多样性较高，桦木林丰富度和多样性均较低，但均匀度较高；粗枝云杉具较高的丰富度、多样性和较低的均匀度。草本层多样性指数大小顺序为桦木林＞四川红杉林＞油松林＞粗枝云杉林，油松林均匀度最大。(5)人工林群落不同生长型植物多样性表现为草本层高于灌木层和乔木层，灌木层和乔木层相差不大，乔-灌之间丰富度和多样性指数差异最小，灌-草、乔-草之间差异较大，但只有乔-草之间Shannon-wiener指数差异达到了显著水平。各生长型植物均匀度无显著差异。(6)从人工林群落的总体多样性来看，四川红杉和油松林丰富度和多样性相差不大，高于桦木林和粗枝云杉林。粗枝云杉林总体多样性的各项指数均为最小。(7)对M.Godron稳定性指数分析表明：四个人工林群落的交点坐标均远离20／80的稳定交点坐标，即均处于一定的不稳定状态。根据交点坐标与20／80的相对距离可以看出，4个群落相对稳定性为粗枝云杉林＞油松林＞四川红杉林＞桦木林，与多样性的比较分析呈现不同的趋势。(8)对人工林群落的稳定性综合评判结果表明：人工林群落的稳定性存在较大的差异，稳定性由大到小顺序为油松林＞四川红杉林＞粗枝云杉林＞桦木林。更多还原

【Abstract】 In this paper, the population structure, species diversity and community stability of the main plantation community types in sub-alpine area were studied and analyzed. The results were as follows:The distribution of Patrick index, Simpson index, Shannon-wiener index, Pielou index and Alatalo index in community gradient among subalpine vegetation showed a more consistent trend. The primeval forest communities had the highest richness index, and the shrub communities had the lowest richness index. The plantation communities had the highest diversity and evenness index, the secondary and primeval forest communities had lower index while the shrub communities had lowest. Among them, mixed Larix mastersiana-Picea asperata forest, mixed Pinus tabulaeformis-Quercus liaotungensis forest, Picea asperata-Betula albo-sinensis evergreen-deciduous coniferous-broad-leaved forest, Picea purpurea coniferous forest and Abies faxoniana coniferous forest with higher diversity index.Within the communities, the richness index of species for different growth form of vegetation was different. Between tree and shrub layers, the difference was significant. Between tree and herb layers, and between shrub and herb layers, the difference was more significant. In most communities, herb layers had the highest Simpson and Shannon-wiener index values. Tree layers had the lowest. That indicates herb layers contribute more to the species diversity. The values of diversity index for different growth form of vegetation present more significant difference, but it is not for the evenness index. There was irregularity on community gradient of evenness index. The evenness of shrub layers was higher than herb layers, and the tree layer evenness was the lowest.Among the four plantation communities, there were no clear boundaries between main layers and sub layers of mixed Larix mastersiana-Picea asperata forest and mixed Pinus tabulaeformis-Quercus liaotungensis forest, and with more natural regeneration seedlings and uniform distribution of individual tree. Simple species composition for Picea asperata plantation and mixed Betula platyphylla-B.albo-ainensis forest leads an unreasonable population structure.Among the four plantation communities, the values of richness and diversity index of mixed Larix mastersiana-Picea asperata forest and mixed Pinus tabulaeformis-Quercus liaotungensis forest were higher than Picea asperata plantation and mixed Betula platyphylla-B.albo-ainensis forest. And mixed Betula platyphylla-B.albo-ainensis forest had the highest evenness index values.The diversity index of herb layers in different plantation communities was higher than tree and shrub layers. Within a community, the indexes had less difference among the three layers. Only for Shannon-wiener index between tree and herb layers, the difference was significant. Mixed Larix mastersiana-Picea asperata forest had the highest total values for each index and Picea asperata plantation had the lowest.The analysis of M.Godron index resulted: intersection coordinates for the four plantation communities were away from the point of 20/80 an indicator of stability, showed their instability. The relative distance from the indicator identifying that Picea asperata plantation was the most stable community. And the diversity analysis showed different trend.更多还原