【作者】 李莉；

【导师】 赵越；

【作者基本信息】 东北农业大学 ， 生物化学与分子生物学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 大豆异黄酮是从大豆中提取出来的一类微量活性物质，有着多种重要的生理功能。本实验采用框栽实验的方法，在初花期对3个不同品种的大豆分别进行了6个不同浓度的钾肥处理，研究了钾对大豆异黄酮积累的影响，阐明了其影响机理；分析了大豆蛋白质含量、粗脂肪含量、脂肪酸各主要组分含量与大豆异黄酮含量变化的关系；并且对钾肥处理后大豆品质、异黄酮含量发生的变化进行综合分析，为具体生产实践提供理论依据。研究结果表明：钾能提高大豆异黄酮含量。钾是糖代谢中酚类物质合成的活化剂，它能显著提高苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性；同时，钾也促进苯丙氨酸的合成和运输，从而增加了该反应途径的反应底物，最终增加了总异黄酮的含量和大豆异黄酮中两种主要组分的含量，因而适当的施钾肥是在低钾土壤条件下提高异黄酮产量的一种有效方法。钾能提高大豆粗脂肪含量，降低蛋白质含量。实验表明，施肥后三个品种的粗脂肪含量都有所上升，蛋白质含量都有所下降，由于高蛋白品种与高脂肪品种内部代谢机制的不同，所以不同品种下降的幅度不同，高蛋白质品种远没有高脂肪品种变化明显。钾能降低亚油酸、亚麻酸、棕榈酸含量，提高油酸、硬脂酸含量。其中亚油酸和棕榈酸变化幅度较小，其它三种脂肪酸变化幅度稍大。异黄酮、蛋白质、粗脂肪、脂肪酸组分之间的相互关系：就某一品种而言，异黄酮的含量随着其粗脂肪、油酸、硬脂酸含量的升高而升高，随着蛋白质、亚油酸、亚麻酸、棕榈酸含量的升高而下降。原因可能是施钾后促使植物体合成更多的糖，增加了粗脂肪合成的底物，所以粗脂肪的含量增加；另外，大量的糖也促使植物合成更多的氨基酸，其中苯丙氨酸是植物体合成蛋白质与异黄酮的共同底物，由于钾大大的提高了植物苯丙氨酸解氨酶的活性，使得异黄酮合成加快，异黄酮的大量合成消耗了部分的苯丙氨酸，减少了蛋白质合成的底物，同时，钾肥的施入也影响了植物体内其它与蛋白质合成相关的代谢，最终在某种程度上限制了蛋白质积累；钾肥的施入使大豆脂肪酸各主要组分的含量发生了变化，其中亚油酸、亚麻酸、棕榈酸含量降低，油酸与硬脂酸含量提高。更多还原

【Abstract】 Soybean Isoflavone is distilled from soybean .It is a group of micro scale bioactivecompounds that have many important physiological functions. In this paper frame plant experimentmethods is used.In the experiment, six different concentration of potassium fertilizer treatments areused on three different variety soybean at flower-stage, the effects of potassium fertilizer on theaccumulation of isoflavonoids is studied and the effect mechanism is demonstrated; The interactionbetween the content of soybean protein, fatty, fatty acid and the content of soybean Isoflavone are.analyzed; The changes of soybean qualities and isoflavonoids content after the treatments ofpotassium fertilizer are analyzed synthetically. Theory evidence for practice production is provided.The experiment results indicated that:Potassium fertilizer can improve the content of Isoflavone. Potassium fertilizer is the activityof Phenols compounds synthesis in the saccharide metabolizes, it can improve the activity of PAL;at the same time, it can promote the synthesis and transport of L-Phenylalanine, so it increases thesubstrate of this pathway, finally increases the content of total Isoflavone and two mostly isoflavonecomposition content. Suitable applying potassium fertilizer is an effective method to improve theyield of Isoflavone in low potassium fertilizer soil.Potassium fertilizer can improve the content of fatty acid, decrease the content of soybeanprotein. The experiment results indicated that the content of fatty acid of three variety all increaseafter potassium nutrients application, while the content of protein all decrease. Owing to differentvariety has different inner mechanism, high protein variety does not change more obvious than highfatty acid variety.Potassium fertilizer can decrease the content of Linclenic, Lincleic and Palinitic, increase thecontent of Oleic and Stearic, Hereinto the changes of Linclenic and Palinitic is small, and the otherthree fatty acids is large.The interaction in the accumulation of Isoflavone, protein and fatty acids: Potassium fertilizerpromote plants to synthesize more sugar, increase the substrate of fatty acid synthesis, so thecontent of fatty acid increase; In addition, plentiful sugar promote plants to synthesize more aminoacid, and L-Phenylalanine is co-substrate that plants synthesize protein and Isoflavone, Isoflavoneaccumulate quickly because potassium fertilizer improve the activity of PAL, a lot of Isoflavonesynthesis consume many L-Phenylalanine, so the substrate of protein synthesis decrease, and the accumulation of protein is restricted in some extent. Potassium fertilizer changes the mostlyconstituent of the soybean fatty acid content, hereinto the content of Linclenic, Lincleic andPalinitic is decreased, the content of Oleic and Stearic is increased.更多还原