【作者】 关静姝；

【导师】 栾冬梅；

【作者基本信息】 东北农业大学 ， 动物营养与饲料科学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 本试验利用揉碎的玉米秸秆与牛粪配制成不同碳氮比的底料，进行好氧堆肥的试验研究。试验的目的是：通过对不同碳氮比的堆料好氧堆肥过程研究，探讨牛粪堆肥时各种参数的变化规律，并通过对各参数的比较，探讨较低的碳氮比对牛粪好氧堆肥过程的影响，以期提高牛粪的处理效率。在本试验中，三个处理组堆料的初始含水率均为68％，按照堆料初始C／N比为27：1、24：1和21：1，确定了牛粪和玉米秸秆的混合比例(重量比)分别为2.9：1、5.4：1和15.1：1。试验过程中，记录堆体的温度、堆料颜色、气味和体积的变化，并于0、3、7、14、21、28和35d定期采样检测堆料的含水率、pH值、电导率、有机质、VS、总氮、粪大肠菌值、蛔虫卵、种子发芽指数等指标。试验结果表明：碳氮比不同的三个处理均能成功地进行好氧堆肥，其中以碳氮比27：1处理组升温速率最快，堆体温度在堆制13h后达到50℃，在55℃以上持续时间为6d，而碳氮比24：1处理组和碳氮比21：1处理组高温(＞55℃)持续时间较长，分别为7d和15d。各试验组的含水率呈先上升，后下降的趋势。在试验结束时，碳氮比27：1处理组和24：1处理组的含水率降至61％左右，而碳氮比21：1处理组含水率比初始时增加了4.5％，为73.2％。堆肥过程中，各试验组的全碳和有机质含量呈下降趋势，全氮含量呈增加趋势，碳氮比呈逐渐下降的趋势。堆制第21d时，三个处理组的T值均小于0.6，说明堆肥已经腐熟，但是碳氮比21：1组在试验结束时碳氮比最低，为7.1。堆制结束时，堆体颜色变为褐色或黑褐色，堆料的臭味全部消失，堆体内出现白色或灰白色的菌丝，堆体中牛粪与调理剂混合均匀。堆肥过程中的高温能使堆料中的蛔虫卵死亡率达到100％，大肠菌值大于0.01，达到我国《粪便无害化卫生标准》(GB7959—87)中的规定。试验结束时，各组种子发芽指数均达到80％以上。通过本次试验可以初步得出以下结论：碳氮比27：1组和24：1组的各项指标基本相近，说明碳氮比的适当降低并不影响牛粪和玉米秸秆的堆肥，而且碳氮比由27：1降到24：1，可使牛粪的处理量增加近一倍。但C／N比降为21：1时，堆料中牛粪所占比例增大，会使堆料的容重增大而不利于堆体的通风，导致堆体温度过高且高温持续时间过长，造成有机质的过度分解，可能会影响堆肥的质量。更多还原

【Abstract】 The experiment was conducted to study the effect of different carbon to nitrogen ratio on thedairy manure composting with corn straw. The difference in manure/corn straw ratio among thethree treatments was reflected in C/N ratio. The experiment is managed with the aim of studyingthe change of each parameter during dairy manure composting, discussing the effect of the lowercarbon to nitrogen ratio on the composting, and optimizing the composting efficiency.Initial water contents were 68% for three treatments. Three different carbon to nitrogen ratioused for the composting experiment were 27:1、24:1 and 21:1 respectively at the beginning ofexperiment. Dairy manure/corn straw ratio (by weight) were 2.9:1、5.4:1 and 15.1:1, respectively.The change of temperature, pile color, odor and volume were recorded during composting. Thetreatments were sampled on days 0, 3, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35d and analyzed for the water content、pHvalue、electrical conductivity、organic matter content、volatilis solid、total nitrogen content、manurecoliform value、ascarid egg and germination index.The results showed that the different carbon to nitrogen ratio treatments all could becomposted successfully. Temperature in the treatment of C/N 27:1 increased immediately aidermixing, reaching 50℃within 13 hours and the duration of thermophilic phase (＞55℃) is 6 days.The duration of thermophilic phase (＞55℃) was 7 days in the treatment of C/N 24:1 and 15 days inthe treatment of 21:1.The water content increased gradually at the beginning of experiment, subsequently declinedover time in all treatments. At the end of the composting, the water content both decreased to about61% in the treatment of C/N 27:1 and C/N 24:1. In contrast, compared to the initial water content,the final water content increased 4.5% in the treatment of C/N 21:1, which reached 73.2%.The total carbon content and organic matter content decreased and the total nitrogen contentincreased during the composting. The carbon to nitrogen ratio decreased over time in all treatments.The T value was less than 0.6 within 21 days of composting in all treatments, which showedcomposts were already mature. But the carbon to nitrogen ratio was 7.1 in the treatment of C/N21:1 at the end of composting.At the end of the composting, the color was brown or dark brown in all treatments. The odorwas disappeared completely. There was white or off-white myceliums in all piles and the cattlemanure were mixed uniformly with amendments. All ascarid eggs were killed in all treatments and coliform value was above 0.01. All treatments met the required criteria for composting set by theChina GB7959-87 regulations. The Germination Index of the three treatments was more than 80%.By preliminary studying on different initial carbon to nitrogen ratio, the main studying resultsand corresponding conclusiones have been attained as follow:Most parameter was essentially similar in the treatment of C/N 27:1 and C/N 24:1. The resultssuggested that a slight decrease of carbon to nitrogen ratio did not affect the dairy manurecomposting, and more quantity of dairy manure was composted. But when the carbon to nitrogenratio was lowered to 21 : 1, the higher ratio of dairy manure in the mixture resulted in a higher bulkdensity, and that would be unfavorable for the ventilation of pile and leaded to a excessive hightemperatures during the thermophilic stage and a longer duration of high temperature, a rapid lossof organic matter, a lower agricultural value of compost.更多还原