【作者】 刘军；

【导师】 刘献礼；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨理工大学 ， 机械电子工程， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 轴承是机械设备中非常重要的基础件,使用极其广泛,在现代工业中扮演着重要角色,它的精度、运动性能和使用寿命很大程度上取决于其中钢球的质量,大量的轴承试验表明:由于钢球表面的缺陷而引起的裂纹、裂缝造成的轴承失效达60%,可以说,钢球表面质量是衡量轴承性能的一项重要指标,生产中必须对成品钢球进行表面缺陷检测。目前,国内各轴承企业和钢球厂主要采用人工手检的方式,容易受到工人的技术水平、情绪、责任心、劳累程度等不稳定因素的影响,劳动强度大,误检和漏检率高,且不易获取检测的统计数据,检测效率很低,为了正确有效地对钢球表面缺陷进行分类与检测,迫切需要一种钢球表面缺陷的自动检测装置。针对钢球表面缺陷自动检测中存在的一些问题,我们基于视觉检测技术开发了钢球表面缺陷自动检测仪器。本文在检测系统机构、控制电路、驱动电路、系统实时性等方面做了一些有意义的探索,并进行了相关关键技术的研究。本文主要研究了钢球表面缺陷自动检测系统的控制驱动部分,以DSP芯片TMS320LF2407A作为控制核心,开发了检测系统的控制硬件电路板,并采用混合式步进电机驱动芯片L297/L298研制了步进电机的驱动器模块,实现了对钢球运动轨迹和表面展开的精确控制。为了简化应用程序设计以及提高控制系统的实时性,将实时内核μC/OS-Ⅱ在TMS320LF2407A上进行了移植,详细阐述了移植过程中代码的改写与优化,并根据钢球检测的工作情况,将应用控制程序分成多任务,分别编制了其控制驱动程序,从而构建了钢球自动检测的嵌入式控制系统。实验和仿真结果表明,控制系统设计合理,控制精度高,具有良好的实时性,能够满足高速实时图像处理的要求。更多还原

【Abstract】 Bearings are very important part in mechanical equipment, which are used widely, and they are playing a great part in modern industry. To a large extent, bearing’s precision, motility and service life depend on the quality of steel ball in bearing. A great deal of bearing experiments indicated: among bearing failure forms, the ones induced by crack and slit of steel ball surface which result from surface defect of steel ball account for 60%, that is to say, the surface quality of steel ball is one of important factors which are used to judge the performance of bearing, so surface quality of steel ball must be inspected in industry production. At present, the domestic factories for bearing or steel ball mostly adopted manual visual method to inspect surface quality of steel ball. This kind of method is usually affected by many labile factors such as worker’s technical ability, emotion, responsibility, tiredness and so on, and it has heavy labor intensity as well as high undetected error rate, furthermore, it is difficult to obtain statistical inspecting data, so the inspect efficiency is very low. In order to inspect and classify effectively surface defects of steel ball, an automatic inspecting instrument is urgently required.Aimed at some problems existed in automatic inspection for steel ball surface defect, we developed the inspecting instrument based on machine vision detection technique, which is applied to detecting external bug area of steel ball. This thesis made some significative exploration in machine of inspecting system, control circuit, drive circuit, real-time character of control system and so on, and researched the correlative key technique.This thesis mostly researched the control and drive of automatic inspecting system for steel ball surface defect, adopted DSP chip of TMS320LF2407A as main processor to develop the control circuit board, developed blending step motor driver based on the chip L297/L298, and realized accurate control for motion trace and surface spread of steel ball. In order to simplify the design of application program and improve real-time character of control system, this design transplanted the real-time kernelμC/OS-Ⅱi nto the TMS320LF2407A, and elaborated the code and optimization of transplantation in detail. According to the work circumstance of steel ball inspection, the control program was divided to corresponding multitask programs and these programs were developed respectively, so the whole embedded control system was established. The result of experiment and simulation indicated that the design of control system is proper, and the embedded control system for inspecting instrument has high control accuracy and excellent performance, which can satisfy adequately the requirement of high speed and real-time image detection.更多还原