【作者】 刘艳；

【导师】 曹同；

【作者基本信息】 上海师范大学 ， 水生生物学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 杭州市不仅是长江三角洲重要的中心城市和中国东南部交通枢纽,而且是全国重点风景旅游城市和历史文化名城。本研究在对杭州市苔藓植物进行广泛野外采集和生态样方调查基础上,首次对杭州市苔藓植物区系和生态进行了专门的研究报道,主要结果如下:1.杭州市苔藓植物物种多样性特点通过对所采集的一千两百余号标本的鉴定,共记录苔藓植物55科110属241种,其中苔类22科27属52种,藓类33科83属189种。发现中国新记录种1个(小细罗藓(新拟)Leskeella pusilla (Mitt.) Nog.),浙江省新记录属3个,新记录种7个。并对优势科、属特点进行了分析。2.杭州市苔藓植物区系分析杭州市苔藓植物种类丰富,区系成分包括10种分布类型,以东亚成分为主(38.24%),其次为北温带成分(25.49%),热带亚洲成分也占一定比例(15.69%),具有从亚热带向北温带过渡的特征。采用物种丰富度指数、优势科对比、属相似性分析、区系地理成分对比及聚类分析等多种方法,将杭州市苔藓植物区系与我国其它六个地区(广西九万山、福建鹫东麓、四川金佛山、上海市、山东昆嵛山和新疆东部天山)的苔藓植物区系进行了比较。结果表明,杭州地区与同属亚热带的金佛山、鹫东麓、九万山关系最为密切,与上海市、昆嵛山关系次之,与东部天山关系最远。这一结果再次表明杭州市苔藓植物区系具有较明显的过渡性特点。3.杭州市区苔藓植物生态研究(1)通过对杭州市区24个样点中地面苔藓植物样方调查,共记录苔藓植物102种。基于苔藓植物种类及其重要值数据,运用除趋势对应分析(DCA)分析了杭州市区苔藓植物分布格局,发现分布于西湖西南丘陵地区的14个样点在排序轴上可划分为一个组,这些样点中出现的苔藓种类较丰富;而分布于西湖沿岸公园和市区道路附近绿地的10个样点可划分为另一个组,出现的苔藓植物种类主要是一些常见种,种类相对单调,各样点的Shannon-Wiener、Patrick多样性指数普遍低于丘陵地区样点组中各样点的多样性指数。(2)应用典范对应分析(CCA)对杭州市区23个土生样地的47种苔藓植物分布与环境因子间的关系进行分析。结果表明,人为干扰因素和土壤pH是影响杭州市区土生苔藓植物分布的主要因子,在市区公园、绿地,人为干扰较大,土壤呈碱性,而在海拔较高的丘陵地区,人为干扰较小,土壤呈酸性。(3)对杭州市区19个石生样地中,79种苔藓植物分布与环境因子关系应用典范对应分析(CCA)发现,在旅游景点、市区公园的样地中,人为干扰是影响石生苔藓植物分布的主要因素;而在西湖周边的丘陵地区的样地中,郁闭度、相对湿度、海拔是影响石生苔藓植物生长的主要环境因子。(4)计算了杭州市区24个样点中出现的46种主要苔藓植物的生态位宽度,结果发现,大部分苔藓植物的生态位宽度较窄,分布范围较小。该地区生态位宽度最大的是东亚拟鳞叶藓Pseudotaxiphyllum pohliaecarpum,其次是疣灯藓Trachycystis microphylla、狭叶小羽藓Haplocladium angustifolium、缘边匍灯藓Plagiomnium acutum和平叶毛口藓Trichostomum planifolium。除狭叶小羽藓和平叶毛口藓是杭州市区公园和绿地中的常见种外,其余几种主要分布在丘陵地区。此外,在大量文献查阅和考证的基础上,完成了浙江省藓类植物备注名录,共45科222属694种8亚种27变种,为浙江和中国苔藓植物多样性研究提供了重要基础资料。更多还原

【Abstract】 Hangzhou not only is one of the most important cities in the delta of Yangtz River and the important traffic hinge in southeast of China, but also is well known for its tourism and cultural history. Based on the extensive field specimen collection and ecological quadrat investigation, studies of the bryoflora and ecology of bryophytes in Hangzhou city were undertaken for the first time. The main results are as follows:1. Characteristics of bryophytes diversity in HangzhouBased on the investigation and more than 1200 specimen identification of bryophytes from Hangzhou city, 241 species in 110 genera and 55 families of bryophytes were reported. Of these, 52 species, belonging to 27 genera and 22 families, were liverworts. 189 species, belonging to 83 genera and 33 families, were mosses. Leskeella pusilla (Mitt.) Nog. is new to China. Seven species and three genera are new to Zhejiang province. The characteristics of dominant families and genera in Hangzhou were also discussed.2. Floristic analysis of bryophytes in HangzhouThe bryo-diversity in Hangzhou is rich and its bryoflora could be divided into ten geographical elements. Of those, East Asian, North Temperate and Tropical Asian elements account for 38.24%, 25.49% and 15.69%, respectively. It implied that the bryoflora of Hangzhou had a transitional characteristic from sub-tropic to northern temperate zone. The relationships of bryoflora among Hangzhou and six selected areas, namely Jiuwan Mountain of Guangxi, the eastern Jiufeng Mountain of Fujian, Jinfo Mountain of Sichuan, Shanghai, Kunyu Mountain of Shandong and the eastern Tianshan of Xinjiang were analysed and studied. The species abundance, major families, generic similarity coefficient and geographical elements of these areas were compared. The result of cluster analysis, according to floristic spectrums of the seven areas, showed that the bryoflora of Hangzhou was close to those of Jiuwan Mountain, the eastern Jiufeng Mountain and Jinfo Mountain, all locating in subtropical zone, while the eastern Tianshan was far from the other areas. The comparison results also indicated the transitional characteristic of bryoflora of Hangzhou.3. Ecological study on bryophytes in urban areas of Hangzhou(1) The bryophytes, their frequency and coverage on the ground in twenty-four sites in urban areas of Hangzhou were investigated and sampled. Based on 102 recorded bryophytes species and their importance value, Detrended Correspondence Analysis was used to analyse their distribution patterns. The results showed that the study sites could be divided into two groups. Group one included fourteen sites in the southwest of Xi Lake, with relatively abundant bryophytes species. The other group included ten sites, which were in the parks surrounding Xi Lake and greenlands in urban areas of Hangzhou. It had fewer bryophytes occuring in the sites, and their biodiversity index, such as Shannon-Wiener, Patrick, were lower than those of sites in the former group.(2) Canonical Correspondence Analysis was applied to study the relationships of forty-seven species of bryophytes and the environmental factors in twenty-three sample plots. The results revealed that the influence of human activities and the pH conditions of the soil were the most important factors to determine the distribution of bryophytes on the soil in urban areas of Hangzhou. With more human disturbance, the pH of the soil in urban parks and greenlands were alkali, while the conditions in hill areas, with little human disturbance, turned out to be acidic.(3) Canonical Correspondence Analysis was also applied to study the relationships of seventy-nine species of bryophytes and the environmental factors in nineteen saxicolous plots. The results showed that the influence of human activities was the most important facor influencing the distribution of saxicolous bryophytes for the sample plots within tourism sites and parks in urban areas of Hangzhou, while canopy density, relative humidity and altitude were the major factors for the sample plots within hill areas surrounding the Xi Lake.(4) The niche width of forty-six main bryophytes species in the twenty-four sample sites in urban areas of Hangzhou were calculated. It revealed that most bryophytes species had very narrow niche width. Pseudotaxiphyllum pohliaecarpum was the species with the widest one in this region. The species of Trachycystis microphylla, Haplocladium angustifolium, Plagiomnium acutum and Trichostomum planifolium also had relatively wide niche width. Among them, Haplocladium angustifolium and Trichostomum planifolium were the very common species in parks and greenlands of urban areas of Hangzhou. Others were mainly occured in the hill areas.In addition, based on literature available to us, an annotated checklist of mosses in Zhejiang province was completed. 694 species, 8 subspecies and 27 varieties in 222 genera and 45 families were accepted as valid taxa. The checklist provided the useful information for future biodiversity study in Zhejiang province and China.更多还原