【作者】 吴琼；

【导师】 何江胜；

【作者基本信息】 南京航空航天大学 ， 英语语言文学， 2007， 硕士

【副题名】《尤利西斯》的密码

【摘要】 20世纪是神话复兴和神性回归的世纪,众多文学大家倾心于神话创作。詹姆士·乔伊斯在其“天书”《尤利西斯》中用奥德塞这一神话原型去再现社会,表现人生。乔伊斯对希腊神话的运用远不是对神话的简单模仿,他是用在西方文化中占有特殊地位的酒神——狄奥尼索斯式的狂欢精神来表现现代社会的无序和无效,提升现代人的生存价值和意义。不幸的是,酒神精神自苏格拉底倡导理性精神之后,长久处于被压制的状态。然而这一精神在乔伊斯《尤利西斯》中的复兴,成功地弥补了西方文化中的失衡,成为乔伊斯对抗文化霸权、宗教压制、精神禁锢的有力的文化力量。本文通过对神话原型批评理论、文化历史视角和巴赫金狂欢理论的运用,揭示了《尤利西斯》中酒神精神复兴的直接的和隐含的表现形式。第一部分引出酒神形象并指出了其在西方文化史上的重要象征意义以及其受到压抑的境遇。第二部分指出酒神原始的酣醉、乐曲和舞蹈等仪式上的复兴;酒神古老的仪式、狂喜、感官放纵和对永恒的追求演变成现代爱尔兰社会的酒吧文化、民间欢歌乐舞、“怪诞身体”和“狂欢时空体”。第三部分借助巴赫金的狂欢文学理论,揭示酒神精神在乔伊斯叙述手法上的复兴;酒神对日神霸权的反抗演变成现代文本中对精神自由的追求和反抗强权的勇气。第四部分探讨了乔伊斯对音乐思维和语言的应用,指出其最终目的在于实现酒神精神在整个爱尔兰社会中的复兴。《尤利西斯》批评历经近百年,囊括了史实考证、人物传记、文本细读及文化批评等多种解读方法。本文提出的酒神精神的复兴这一全新视角,对其词语迷宫进行解码,进而全面解读其深层意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 The 20^th century has witnessed many learned and recondite writers turn their modern eyes to ancient Greek myth legacy. Myth archetypes are frequently used in their literary creation to reflect modern men and society. James Joyce is a typical representative in using myths in writing with a Homeric parallel of Odyssey into his chaotic Ulysses.However, Joyce goes further than merely using mythic structures in his writings. He aims to exploit modern society’s disorder and futility and to exalt human values through the revival of a unique god in Western cultures—Dionysus, whose carnival spirit serves as a salvation. Unfortunately, the ancient Dionysian carnivalesque spirit has been repressed since Socrates’insistence on rationalily in the Western culture. However, its revival in Ulysses successfully compensates for the cultural imbalance and serves as Joyce’s cannon on the Irish’s physical and spiritual enemy: culture hegemony, Catholicism and spiritual suppression.Mainly by using myth-archetypal criticism, cultural-historical criticism and Mikhail Bakhtin’s carnivalesque theories, the thesis elaborates on the Dionysian revival with direct and indicative manifestations in Ulysses. The first part introduces the birth of Dionysus as a canivalesque god and the collective suppression of Dionysian spirit since Socrates. The second part indicates the Dionysian revival in the modern Irish context: the primitive Dionysian rituals, his carnival ecstasy, his sensual abandon and his pursuit of eternity all revive in Ulysses in the forms of bar cultures, the Irish folk humor, the characters’grotesque bodies and carnivalesque chronotope. The third part reveals the Dionysian revival in Joyce’s narration with the assistance of Bahktin’s carnivalesque theory and Dionysus’antagonism to Apollonian hegemony is translated into the modern version of liberating strength to spiritual freedom and the courage to confront any horror. The forth part reveals Joyce’s purpose of reviving the Dionysian spirit on his readers through his manipulation of music and language techniques. During almost a century of the Ulysses’criticism, perspectives as historical research, bibliography, close readings and culture criticism have been adopted. This thesis attempts to approach Ulysses from a new one—a Dionysian perspective, in an effort to understand and even to de-code Ulysses.更多还原