【作者】 张林；

【导师】 胡正华；

【作者基本信息】 南京航空航天大学 ， 管理科学与工程， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 在如今激烈的市场竞争中,如何有效地进行运营管理是企业面临的主要挑战之一。面对企业运营过程中来自各方面的诸多冲突,传统的管理方式在生产、库存、配送的整体优化能力相对较弱。但是,在目前激烈竞争的环境下,为了提升竞争力,企业需要的是整体优化,而不是局部优化。正因为如此,使得企业在运营当中不断寻求对整个供应链以及自身资源进行整合。在这种大环境下,学术界提出了多种优化模型、算法、决策支持系统以及计算机化的分析工具,为企业保持竞争力起了重要的作用。本文主要研究离散型制造业的生产、库存、配送一体化问题(Integrated Production Inventory Distribution, IPID)。在该问题中,上游供应商采用供应商控制库存(Vendor-Managed Inventory,VMI)模式对下游厂商的库存实施控制,并通过第三方物流对下游厂商进行配送。该问题包含一个供应商和多个下游厂商,供应商生产若干种不同类型的产品,不同类型的产品之间的生产存在生产转换费用和生产转换时间。在供应商控制库存模式下,供应商了解客户的当前库存水平以及物料需求计划,使得供应链上下游之间的信息曲解得到降低,并且也提供了本文所研究的生产、库存、配送一体化问题的基本框架。本文研究的目的在于优化供应商的生产计划以及配送计划,从而使得系统总费用得到进一步的降低。从问题的整体角度来看,IPID模型整合了生产、库存以及配送模型,通过供应商库存的同步来实现生产和配送的整合。从整个决策的角度来看,整个决策过程分为两个阶段——生产决策和配送决策,这两者之间的交互和同步是通过对整个系统内部的库存的有效控制得以实现。生产计划关注的是在生产能力有限的条件下如何决定批量生产种类、大小以及生产的时间,使得供应商的生产和库存费用最低。配送计划关注的是在与生产决策同步和下游客户不能缺货的前提下,如何根据第三方物流所提供服务的相关费用来确定配送产品的种类、大小以及配送的时间。因此,同步目的在于对生产决策和配送决策之间进行有效的整合,这也正是解决生产、库存、配送一体化问题的关键之所在。本文继承了前辈们对生产、库存、配送一体化问题的研究方法,该方法主要基于对生产计划、库存控制、配送计划的整合,将生产、库存、配送整合为单一的优化模型,其基本思想是将该问题的所有决策变量同时进行优化。本文针对过去研究成果的不足之处,对建模方式、求解方法提出了进一步的改进,使用禁忌搜索法对生产、库存、配送一体化问题进行求解,并给出了VMI模式下IPID与按照订单生产模式的仿真结果的对比,从结果可以看出VMI模式下生产、库存、配送一体化相对于按照订单生产模式下的收益情况。更多还原

【Abstract】 Managing operations in today’s competitive marketplace is posing significant challenges. The traditional thought was that there were so many conflicts in the multiple demands on the operations function that trade-offs were made in achieving excellence in one of these dimensions, such as the production, inventory, distribution. But under today’s competitive environment, enterprises want to increase its competition ability, this indicates that the dimensions of production, inventory and distribution are not to be traded-off against one another, but need to be simultaneously prioritized. In response to this, operations managers have to focus their attention on integration of multiple dimensions, and treat all of dimensions as a whole, this force companies to search for ways to integrate resources of supply chain and itself continuously. Optimization models and algorithms, decision support systems and computerized analysis tools are examples of approaches taken by companies in an attempt to improve their operational performance and remain competitive under the threat of increasing competition.In this paper, a complex Integrated Production Inventory Distribution Problem (IPID) is considered where vendor produces items, and then shipping to a set of customers via third party logistics. Modeling proposed in this paper is based on Vendor-Managed Inventory (VMI) policies, under which policy; distortion of demand information (known as bullwhip effect) transfer from the downstream supply-chain member to the upstream member is minimized. Furthermore, a supplier has the liberty of controlling the downstream replenishment decisions rather than filling orders as they are placed. Thus, the approach offers a framework for synchronizing production inventory and distribution systems. The purpose of this paper is to optimize the scheduling of production and transportation and decrease the system cost.From the viewpoint of the overall system, the model is an integrated production, inventory and distribution model, of which the production and the transportation are synchronized via the inventory function at the supplier. From the whole decision making procedures, it involves two stages decisions, i.e. production decision and transportation decision, which are interfaced and synchronized via inventory decision. The production decision concerns with which product are assigned to produce at which unit time in what quantity within the production capacity with the aims of minimum production and inventory costs occurred at the supplier. The distribution decision tries to determine which product are assigned to which unit time in what quantity for shipping to each destinations by the third party logistics services towards minimum distribution related costs taking into account the synchronization with the production decision. Thus, the synchronization is means to bridge the gap between the production decision and the transportation decision, it is the key to solve IPID problem.In this paper, the traditional approach to the analysis of production, inventory and distribution operations is inherited. This approach is based on the integration of decisions of different functions (e.g., production planning, distribution, inventory management, etc.) into a single optimization model. The basic idea behind this approach is to simultaneously optimize decision variables of different functions. This paper proposes Tabu Search algorithms for this problem, and compare with the Make-To-Order policies, the result shows the benefits of IPID underVMI policies.更多还原