【作者】 陶治强；

【导师】 杨立新；

【作者基本信息】 安徽大学 ， 考古学与博物馆学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 皖西南地区在地理位置上十分特殊，处在长江中、下游的交接地段，是东、西、南、北文化交流、传播的中间地带。这个地区，自旧石器时期晚期起就留下了人类活动的痕迹。薛家岗文化的发现，更加展示了该地区丰富多彩的史前文化，也显示了独具特色的一面。进入夏、商时代，这个地区发挥了不可替代的桥梁作用，各种文化在这里碰撞、激荡，文化间交流频繁、联系密切。使得这一区域内的文化遗存异彩纷呈。但自身特点在不同时期亦十分鲜明，地方文化色彩浓厚。本文选择“皖西南地区夏商时期的考古学文化”作为论题，充分认识到皖西南地区，在夏商时期它的重要地位，剖析该区域内的古文化有利于了解当时的族属、民族关系、社会生活以及中原王朝和地方势力盛衰演变的历史命运。皖西南地区夏商时期的文化遗存分为遗迹、遗物两大部分。遗迹主要是房子居址和灰坑。房址处都有红烧土，柱洞残存。灰坑有圆形和椭圆形及不规则形，圆形坑壁经过加工，坑壁坚硬光滑，尺寸大小不一。文化遗物有石器、陶器、青铜器等。石器有：石斧、石锛、石凿、石镞等。青铜器有：铜削、凿、锥、镞、锸等。陶器是遗物中的大宗，也是本文分析研讨的主要对象。本文主体部分主要为：引言，大致描述了皖西南地区的地理地貌、考古发掘和研究成果回顾；第一章，介绍了目前调查发现分布在皖西南地区的诸多遗址。这类遗址大多座落在山间盆地的平畈或河流、湖泊的漫滩上，以皖河和大沙河水系两岸最为集中，依山傍水，大部分为高出地面的台地，有近圆形、方形和不规则形，其原貌大部分遗址已不可考，但大都分布在河床二级阶地上，地理位置基本相同，文化面貌基本一致。重点选择了怀宁跑马墩、怀宁百林山、潜山薛家岗、安庆张四墩等遗址。第二章，确定典型器物，进而对这些器物型式划分，着重对不同阶段的器物特点的把握。皖西南地区常见器形大体有：罐、豆、鬲、鼎、钵、斝、纺轮、盆等。纹饰以绳纹为最多，次为附加堆纹、弦纹。多夹砂红陶和黑陶，灰陶相对较少，泥质陶少见，制法以轮制和模制为主。它们分布范围广泛，数量较多，并且有自己清晰的演变轨迹，后文中进行了详细描述。第三章，依据器物的不同特点对文化遗存分为夏代晚期，商前期和商后期三期四段。夏代晚期发现遗存较少，仅以H25为代表。商时期遗存丰富，商前期以薛家岗遗址大部分探方的第③层、H31、H37、H35、H28、M152、H20、H17、K2、第六次发掘的⑨、⑧层，百林山H1、H2为等单位代表。商后期以跑马墩第⑤层、第⑥层、H2，薛家岗H38、H15等单位为代表。第四章，文化因素分析与文化性质判定。第一期属夏代晚期，是地方性文化遗存。第二期属商前期，是地方文化占主导地位，又吸收有中原和南方文化因素。第三期属商后期，是以地方性文化为主，同时又受到中原文化、南方文化的影响。第五章，文化族属蠡测。夏商时期，这里民族状况复杂，曾居住有淮夷、三苗族、于越、荆蛮、商人等。他们都为皖西南地区灿烂多姿的文化，作出了自己的贡献。皖西南是安徽考古的一个重要区域，做好这里的夏商考古研究工作有利于丰富区域史。更多还原

【Abstract】 The southwestern region of An Hui Province enjoys a very special position ingeographical locality, for it lies in the transitional zones between central and lowerreaches of the Yangtze River and is also the intermediate zone where cultures from alldirections flow and transmit. In the region, ever since the late Paleolithic period, ithas left traces of human activity. The discovery of Xuejiagang Culture showed a morecolorful display of the region’s prehistoric culture and its unique aspect.During theXia and Shang dynasties, this region has played an irreplaceable role as a bridgewhere different cultures clided and mixed with each other, exchanges being frequentand links dose. All those have made its cultural relics extraordianry and splendid.However, it displays distinctive characterisitcs in different time periods with stronglocal flavor. I choose "the archaeological culture research of Xia and Shang periods insouthwestern Anhui Province" as my topic, because I’m fully aware of the importantplace Southwest Anhui had in Xia and Shang era. And an analysis of its ancientculture is helpful in understanding ethic relationships, social life, and historicaldestinies of the rise and fall of central dynasties & local influences at that time.The cultural remnants of southwestern Anhui Province in Xia and Shangdynasties consist of two parts:traces and relics, of which traces are mainly habitathouse sites and ash holes. There are baked soil at the housing sites with residual holesof posts; while ash holes have different shapes as round, oblong and irregularones.The round hole walls have different sizes and are solid and smooth. The culturalrelics are mainly stones, pottery, and bronze ware. Stones are stone axes, stone chiselsand stone cuttings, such as stone arrowheads. Bronze wares are copper cuts, chisels,pricks, arrowheads, and spades. Pottery artifacts are the staple in the relics, and arealso the main object of analysis and discussion in my paper.The following is the format of my paper: Introduction is a general description ofthe geographic landscape of Anhui southwestern region and a retrospect of itsarchaeological excavations and research achievements. The first chapter gives ageneral survey of many sites ever discovered and researched in this region, most ofwhich are located in the mountains or river basin Plain, and the floodplains. DashaRiver in Wan River and cross the most concentrated, resources, and surrounded by the hills and rivers, most of the platform above the ground, nearly circular, square andirregular shapes, most of which was not its original appearance, but was in bed mostof the secondary stage floor, basically the same location. Culture is basically the same.Huaining horce racing Frusta, Huaining Bailinlhan,Zhangsidun in Anqing,Xuejiagang in Qianshan are the emphasis of discussion. The second chapter tends toconfirm the typical artifacts and then classify them, focusing on their features objectsat different stages. Common shapes in southwestern Anhui are roughly cans, beans,second halves, tripod, legacy JIA, spinning wheels, and bowls. Grain decorations areabundant in rope grains, and then come additional heap grains and string ones. Theyrange widely in larger quantities, and has their own clearly evolving tracks,whichwilll be described in detail afterwards. The third chapter devides these cultural relicsinto late Xia period, early Shang and late Shang periods (three periods and foursegments) based on their different characteristics. Remains discovered of late Xiaperiod are few with only H25 as the representative. Remains of Shang period areabundant: representatives of early Shang period are the Xuejiagang Site No③layerD2, Production and, H35. H28, M152, H2O, geometry, K2, the sixth discover⑨,⑧layer hundred mountain H1. H2 for other units. While the horse racing Frusta⑤layer pier,⑧layer, H2, Xue Kong H38, H15 and other units. ChapterⅣis ananalysis of cultural ingredients and a determination of the culture’s nature. Phase 1belongs to late Xia period and is a local cultural remanat. PhaseⅡbelongs to earlyShang period and is a cultral relic in which is the local culture dominates, to absorbthe Central Plains and the South and cultural factors.PhaseⅢbelongs to late Shangperiod and is a subculture dominated by local characteristics with strong influence ofcentral and Southern cultures. ChapterⅤis a test of the group category of culture.During Xia and Shang Dynasties, the status of ethinic groups is complicated in thatHuaiyi, Sanmiao, Yuyue, Jingman, Merchant and so on. all once lived here. Theyhave made their own contributions to forming the rich and colorful culture inSouthwest Anhui.Southwest Anhui is an Anhui archaeology important region, completes heresummer business archaeology research work will enrich the history of the region.更多还原