【作者】 胡慧盈；

【导师】 胡健；

【作者基本信息】 安徽大学 ， 外国语言学及应用语言学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 “给”字句是汉语语法学中最具方法论意义的课题之一。以往对“给”字句的研究中，存在一些争议，如“给”字词性和词义的界定（如朱德熙1979；齐沪杨1995），以及诸“给”字句之间的关系，如表使役的“给”字句，表处置的“给”字句，表被动的“给”字句等（如蒋绍愚2002；杨啸2003）。鉴于以往对汉语“给”字句式研究存在的问题，本文在西方认知语言学理论——构块语法框架下，重新审视了汉语“给”字句式，重点分析八种“给”字句的句式意义，并探索各种“给”字句之间的关系。根据构块语法理论，在对现代汉语语料库（the Lancaster Corpus of Mandarin Chinese）中“给”字句研究的基础上，提出八种现代汉语“给”字句式均是独立的构块，遵从形式——意义/用法的配对，有着基本的构块语义“主语使得‘给’字的宾语得到某物（具体存在物、抽象概念、动作等）”(‘SUBJECT CAUSES OBJECT_GEI+NTO RECEIVE SOMETHING’)。由于概念化的多维性，一个概念经验的语义结构允许有新的释读，可以使用非常规的句法结构来表示。当这一非常规的、新的句法结构随着时间的推移常规化后，概念经验的其他普遍性特征重新表现出来。这些特征赋予构块的语义结构新的、常规化的功能，从而导致句法结构形式的变化。各种标记性“给”字句从无标记性“给”字句扩展而来，扩展的动因是基于用法的模式，而扩展机制则是隐喻和转喻。句式在句法层次上的扩展主要依赖隐喻机制，而在语义层次上的扩展则主要依赖转喻机制。构块语法解释“给”字句式的优点主要在于：一是避免了因对“给”字句中“给”字不同词性的划分而产生的争论，因为“给”字句式可以通过独立的构块意义来把握，而不必追究“给”字的词性；二是最大程度地保证了解释的覆盖面，因为以往研究忽视的某些特殊现象，如表处置义的“给”字句式和表被动义的“给”字句，亦被纳入了构块语法理论的解释机制之中，这也体现了该理论解释的简约性和充分性；三是阐释了现代汉语“给”字句式意义的认知基础。本文分为五章：第一章是引论部分，介绍了“给”字句研究的起源，指出了本研究的创新之处、研究的重要性、研究目的、研究方法，以及论文结构。第二章是文献综述，本章回顾了国内外学者对汉语“给”字句的研究，并提出本论文对“给”字句的定义以及分类，同时也指出“给”字句其他相关研究中的不足。第三章是理论基础，本章介绍了构块语法理论的起源、发展以及构块的定义，并指出本文研究中涉及到的构块语法理论原则，包括句式整体性原则、原型范畴原则以及句式扩展原则。第四章是“给”字句的构块语法研究，本章是论文的核心部分，运用构块语法理论对现代汉语“给”字句进行分析，着重探讨各种“给”字句的句法特征、句式意义以及诸“给”字句之间的关系。本章指出非标记性“给”字句——双及物“给”字句是原型“给”字句，其他七种“给”字句均由非标记性“给”字句扩展而来，扩展的动因是基于用法的模式，而扩展机制则是隐喻和转喻。句式在句法层次上的扩展主要依赖隐喻机制，而在语义层次上的扩展则主要依赖转喻机制。第五章是结论，本章总结了本论文的主要内容，包括研究对象、研究方法和研究成果，并指出此研究的意义和存在的不足之处，以及构块语法理论未来的研究方向。更多还原

【Abstract】 The study of the GEI constructions（"给字句"） is one of the hottest topics that deserve methodological research in Chinese grammar.Controversies about the GEI constructions in the previous studies lie in the delimitation of the word class and the sense of the word GEI（e.g., Zhu Dexi 1979; Qi Huyang 1995）, and in the relations between various GEI constructions such as the causative GEI construction, the disposal GEI construction and the passive GEI construction（e.g., Jiang Shaoyu 2002; Yang Xiao 2003）.In view of the deficiency and inadequacy of the previous research, this thesis reexamines the Chinese GEI constructions in the Construction Grammar（CG） framework with the attempt to explore the constructional meanings of the eight GEI constructions and the relations between various kinds of GEI constructions by a speculative method: Based on the analysis of the actual language data from the Lancaster Corpus of Mandarin Chinese, a hypothesis will be put forward, and then further illustrated in the framework of Construction Grammar. The Chinese GEI constructions can surely be considered as independent constructions with a pairing of form-meaning/usage correspondence, which is characterized by the superordinate constructional meaning:’SUBJECT CAUSES OBJECT_GEI+N TO RECEIVE SOMETHING’. The semantic structure of conceptual experience allows new interpretation, which is represented by an irregular syntactic structure. As time goes on, the irregular new syntactic structure is regularized and the other general properties of the conceptual experience appear again. These properties give new regularized function to the semantic structure of the construction and lead to the change of syntactic structure. The seven marked GEI constructions are extended from the unmarked GEI construction via the mechanisms of metaphor and metonymy. Metaphor functions mostly on the syntactic extension of the unmarked GEI construction, while metonymy mainly functions on the semantic level.The advantages of the CG-based approach lie in three aspects. Firstly, controversies about the delimitation of the word class of GEI are avoided because the GEI constructions can be understood via independent constructional meanings without consideration of the word class of GEI. Secondly, some particular GEI constructions such as the disposal GEI construction and the passive GEI construction which are excluded from the previous studies can also be explained by the CG approach. Thirdly, the cognitive basis on which the GEI constructions are understood is demonstrated via the CG approach.The thesis is divided into five chapters.Chapter 1 is a general introduction to the thesis, including the origin, necessity and significance of the study, research objectives, research method and the organization of the thesis.In Chapter 2, a review of literature at home and abroad on the Chinese GEI construction will be presented, delimiting its definition and classification, and then some other problems that are well worth re-discussing from a new perspective will be pointed out.Chapter 3 goes on to introduce the general CG framework and focuses on a few CG mechanisms to be adopted to the analysis of the Chinese GEI constructions, such as the definition of a construction, and principles of CG, including construction holistic principle, prototype category principle and construction extension principle.The following chapter is the most important part. Chapter 4 involves the specific analysis of the Chinese GEI constructions based on the CG approach, focusing on the semantic, syntactic as well as the pragmatic reanalysis of the GEI constructions and on the relations between various GEI constructions. In this chapter, it is argued that the unmarked GEI construction[Na+GEI+Nr+Np] is the prototypical GEI construction, and develops into the other seven GEI constructions via metaphorical and metonymic mechanisms as well as a usage-based model.The last chapter, Chapter 5, concludes the thesis, points out the implications and limitations of the study and makes suggestions for further research.更多还原