【作者】 李俊；

【导师】 陈正发；

【作者基本信息】 安徽大学 ， 比较文学与世界文学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 劳森和鲁迅在各自的民族文学史和世界文学史上都享有崇高的地位，对其作品的研究历来是批评界的热点。然而，至今仍没有人尝试将二者的小说和其中的人物形象，尤其是女性形象作一比较。本文试图从比较文学的角度来探讨劳森和鲁迅小说中的女性形象，分析其相同和不同的特点，并揭示这些特点形成的原因。第一章简单介绍劳森和鲁迅各自的生平、创作及其人物形象的一般特点。在对国内外研究成果梳理的基础上提出笔者的看法和本研究课题的意义。第二章讨论劳森和鲁迅小说中女性形象的总体特征和意义，以及作者塑造这些人物形象的主要目的。劳森的丛林女性是澳大利亚民族形成时期丛林人的化身，是民族英雄的代言人。通过表现她们的悲剧命运，劳森向人们展示了澳大利亚的丛林生活面貌和丛林人的英雄气概，高度赞扬了丛林人的高贵品质。鲁迅成功塑造了旧中国封建社会下的悲剧女性形象，探究了她们悲剧的根源，控诉了封建制度的罪恶。这些女性身上也表现出当时国人的特点，鲁迅旨在通过揭示她们的悲剧唤醒民众进行社会革命，推翻旧制度。第三章主要分析了这些女性形象的相同点和不同点。在不同的背景下，这些女性形象具有各自独特的特点，但又有很多相似之处。首先，她们有着相似的社会地位。她们的地位都很低下，都从属于男性，是男人的附属物和私有财产。然而，她们的地位却又不甚相同。丛林女性始终处于边缘的位置，丛林男人既需要又排斥她们；而中国封建社会下的女性则生活在社会的最低层，没有任何社会地位。其次，这些女性形象都被社会所异化了。她们是受害者却不知反抗，反而屈从或认同自己的命运和地位，并不自觉地维护旧的社会秩序。但这种异化的方式却又有所不同。恶劣的丛林环境及艰苦的丛林生活异化了丛林女性，使得她们丧失了明显的女性特征，而且丛林的破坏性作用对人与人之间的关系也有重大影响，使人与人之间隔绝，最终导致丛林女性的精神崩溃。中国的女性则是为封建社会及封建势力所异化，导致她们妻性的丧失和母性的膨胀。第三，她们都过着非人的艰苦生活，都有着悲剧性的命运，作者对她们都表示了深切的同情。然而，导致她们悲剧命运的原因却有所不同。丛林女性只是丛林和丛林男人的受害者，并不是整个社会制度绞杀了她们。而中国女性则是封建制度下的牺牲品，是罪恶的封建势力最终导致了她们的悲剧命运。此外，作者塑造她们悲剧命运的目的也有所不同。劳森是为了表现丛林生活的真实面貌，以此赞扬丛林人的优秀品质和民族精神；而鲁迅则是为了批判罪恶的封建制度，号召民众进行社会革命推翻不合理的社会秩序。第四章主要从文化传统和历史背景的角度来分析这些特征形成的原因。澳大利亚的丛林传统决定了劳森的丛林女性形象具有明显的丛林人特征。中国的封建文化以及当时的社会背景决定了鲁迅笔下的女性形象必然带上封建社会的政治色彩。鉴于国内外对劳森和鲁迅作品的比较研究较少，本文尝试从比较文学的角度对这两类女性形象作一探讨，从中找出她们的相同点和独特之处，并把这些特点与文化传统和时代背景结合起来研究，以期对这些形象有更为全面的了解，为进一步深入研究两位作家的作品提供一些借鉴。更多还原

【Abstract】 Lawson and Lu Hsun are great writers who rank high both in their respective nations and in the world. Critics have made numerous researches in their works. However, no one has examined their stories and female characters in a comparative way. The present paper attempts to compare the female images in their short stories. It reveals some similarities and differences between these images as well as the causes for their specific features respectively.The first chapter is to introduce the two writers and their works, focusing on the main characteristics of their writings. On the basis of collection and analysis of the researches in their works, the author of the paper presents his own ideas on the female images in their stories.The second chapter is assigned to have a general survey of these female characters and the authors’ main concerns in depicting them. In his bush stories, Lawson devotes himself to delineating the Australian bush life and the national spirit. His female images are actually collective archetypes of the pioneering bush heroes. By picturing their miserable lives, Lawson aims at eulogizing their virtues. Lu Hsun portrays some miserable Chinese women in the feudal society. They epitomize the national character and the social realities of that period. By describing their tragedies, Lu Hsun intends to arouse a national awakening so as to break up the old social order.The third chapter compares these female images in detail and shows some similar and distinctive features of them. Firstly, they have similar social status. They are inferior to men and exist as men’s appendages. But their status still varies. The bushwomen occupy a marginalized position in the bush and function as a loved and feared object for men, while the Chinese women live at the bottom of the feudal society, with no status or right to speak of. Secondly, they are alienated and seem to be abnormal in some way. Victims as they are, they still submit themselves to the social order and even internalize the social norms as their guidelines. However, the alienation is represented in different forms. The hostile bush alienates the bushwomen physically and reduces their femininity; moreover, the bush exercises its divisive influence on human relationships and alienates one human being from another. Eventually women are disintegrated spiritually. The Chinese women are persecuted by the feudal forces, resulting in their loss of wife’s rights and swell of maternity. Thirdly, all of these women lead a harsh existence and suffer a tragic fate. Both Lawson and Lu Hsun show a deep sympathy for their tragedies. But here still lies something different. The bushwomen are victims to the bush and the bushmen rather than to the social system, whereas the Chinese women are victimized by the feudal society and its conventions instead of particular persons. Meanwhile, the authors show different concerns about the fate of these women. Lawson is to produce a tree picture of the Australian bush life and eulogize the national character, while Lu Hsun tends to criticize the social system and appeal for a social reform.The fourth chapter explores the reasons for these characteristics. It is the cultural traditions and the historical backgrounds that define these female images in their respective settings. The Australian bush tradition plays a vital part in literature and determines Lawson’s depiction of his bushwomen. Nevertheless, the Chinese feudal culture and the historical background of that time make Lu Hsun choose his women as a breakthrough for social appeals.The paper makes a historical interpretation of these female images from a comparative perspective. The main features of these images are presented and relevant cultural information for authors’ creation is also uncovered. It is hoped that it may provide some hints for further researches into Lawson and Lu Hsun.更多还原