【作者】 徐岩；

【导师】 邹红菲；

【作者基本信息】 东北林业大学 ， 野生动植物保护与利用， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 2005～2006年3～5月，在扎龙国家级自然保护区，通过定点观察法、GPS定位、样方法、因子测定法等外业调查方法和t检验、主成分分析法等内业处理方法，对三种不同类型白枕鹤求偶期和孵化期觅食生境选择差异，以及巢址生境选择差异进行了对比研究，并用巢址生境选择适合性指数模型对2006年白枕鹤巢址生境进行了评价，结果表明如下：求偶期，三种类型白枕鹤主要在芦苇沼泽中觅食（73.33％），在觅食微生境的选择上，三者存在着许多差异。野生白枕鹤距火烧地距离（1.65km）和距人为干扰距离（1.47km）要远远大于两外两类白枕鹤。这一时期影响白枕鹤觅食生境选择的首要因素是食物因素，其他依次是干扰因素和隐蔽因素。孵化期，芦苇沼泽依然是三类白枕鹤觅食的主要生境类型，对微生境的选择也存在着许多差异。野生白枕鹤距火烧地距离（0.98km）和距人为干扰距离（1.87km）也是三类鹤中最大的。在这个时期，影响白枕鹤觅食生境的主要因素依次是：标识因素、隐蔽因素、食物因素、水因素。芦苇沼泽是白枕鹤营巢生境的首选。各种类型白枕鹤在具体的营巢微生境选择上存在着很大差异。影响白枕鹤巢址生境选择的因素依次为：必要因素（水深、距明水面距离、火烧地面积、距剩余苇丛距离、剩余苇丛面积因子）、干扰因素、育雏因素、孵化因素。巢址生境适合性指数HSI₂₀₀₆=0.7302，说明2006年扎龙湿地生境质量很好，完全能满足白枕鹤营巢需要。更多还原

【Abstract】 In Zhalong Nature Reserve, a research on habitat selection and nest-site habitatassessment of three different types of white-naped cranes （Grus vipio） during the courtshipperiod and the incubation period was conducted from March to may in 2005 to 2006 by thesurvey methods of fixed-spot observation, GPS positioning, plot sampling measurement, factormeasurement, and the date proceeding methods of significant test method, factor analysis, andprincipal components analysis. Finally nest-site habitat assessment was made by using the nest-site habitat fitting model. The results are as follows:During the courtship period, these three types of white-naped cranes tended to select reedmarsh （Phragmites australis mire）（73.33％） to feed. There were a lot of differences about thefeeding micro-habitat of them. The distance to burned area （1.65km） and to human disturbing（1.47km） of wild white-naped cranes was the longest of all the three. In this period, foodfactor played a crucial role during the course of feeding habitat-selection, the second wasdisturbing factor, the third was concealment factor.In incubation period, these three types of white-naped cranes still prefered to feed in reedmarsh. There were also a lot of differences about the feeding micro-habitat of them. Thedistance to burned area （0.98km）. and to human disturbing （1.87km） of wild white-napedcranes was the longest of all the three too. In this period, identification factor played the mostimportant role during the course of feeding habitat-selection, the second was concealmentfactor, the third was food factor, and the fourth was water factor.During incubation period, all the white-naped cranes selected reed marsh for nesting（100％）. Different white-naped cranes selected the different feeding micro-habitat. Theessential factor （including: water depth; distance to lakeside; burned area; distance to residualreeds cluster; residual reeds cluster area.） plays a crucial role during the course of nest-siteselection, the second factor is disturbing factor, the third is fostering factor, and the fourth isincubating factor.The result of nest-site habitat assessment on white-naped cranes was HSI₂₀₀₆=0.7302,this indicated that the quality of zhalong wetland was better in 2006, and it can satisfy the nest-site selection of all the white-naped cranes.更多还原