【作者】 潘攀；

【导师】 牟长城；

【作者基本信息】 东北林业大学 ， 生态学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 本文以东北东部林区落叶松(Larix olgensis)人工林为研究对象，在对一个经营周期内落叶松人工林固定样地的实际间伐效果研究基础上，针对间伐在短期内可以有效的促进林地生产力的增长，而对生态系统的长期影响尚难以预测的问题，采用森林生态系统经营管理模型(FORCAST模型)模拟预测的研究方法，通过收集落叶松人工林土壤和树木生长等方面数据和调查分析落叶松人工林灌木和草本生物量及养分含量，对FORCAST模型进行修正和调校，利用该模型研究间伐对落叶松人工林主伐时各代干材生物量、生态系统速效氮、速效磷、速效钾贮量的长期影响效果，探讨落叶松人工林间伐的合理模式，以便为长期维持落叶松人工林生产力提供依据。研究结果如下：(1)同一立地条件下的落叶松人工林平均胸径随着经营密度指数的逐渐减小而增大，经营密度为0.7、0.8、0.9、1的林地保留木平均胸径依次比对照增加了16.33％、10.41％、7.05％、3.87％。而各不同经营密度指数的林地单株材积分别比对照增加了14.90％、24.24％、12.28％、9.23％，综合研究认为落叶松人工林适宜的经营密度指数为0.7、0.8。而不同的经营密度对林地总蓄积量影响不明显。(2)落叶松人工林中灌木和草本生物量随林龄的变化趋势为升高-降低-升高-稳定的趋势，最高值一般在5-8年，20年左右开始稳定；灌木(根、枝、叶)和草本(地上、地下)各组成部分的养分含量随林龄的变化趋势有较大差异性，但经过一系列的波动也是在20年左右趋于稳定。(3)FORCAST模型预测结果表明：间伐在短期内可有效的促进落叶松人工林的生产力，但随着连栽代数的增加，生产力的增加量逐代减少，最后渐渐和未经人为经营管理的林分趋于一致，采取适度的间伐强度可使林地的生产力在5-10代内不下降，综合研究结果认为落叶松人工林适合采用中度和弱度间伐模式。更多还原

【Abstract】 Larch(Larix olgensis) plantation was studied in east forest region of northeast China bymethods of simulation and prediction using Forest Ecosystem ManagementModel(FORECAST model) based on the research of practice effect of thinning at immobilizedfield in one management cycle, focus on the problem of thinning could promote the growth ofproductivity in short term but hard to predict the long term effect to ecosystem. FORECASTmodel was calibrated by collecting the data of soil and tree growth, researching biomass andanalyzing nutrient concentration of shrub and herb of larch plantation, then using it to study thelong term effect of thinning no biomass of truck timber, available N, P, K storage in ecosystembetween cutting rotation. Discuss the reasonable mode of thinning of larch plantation, in orderto provide basis for maintaining its long term productivity.Results showed that:(1) Average diameter at breast height (DBH) of larch plantation increasing following thedecreasing of management density index at same site conditions. Average DBH of preservingtrees when management density index is 0.7, 0.8, 0.9 or 1 is increased 16.33％, 10.41％, 7.05％,3.87％than controls respectively. Individual stem volume increased 14.90％, 24.24％, 12.28％,9.23％than controls respectively. Synthesis perspective yields the appropriate managementdensity index of 0.7 and 0.8. However, the effect of different management density index tototal volume of woodland is not evidence.(2)Variety of shrub and herb biomass in larch plantation has a trends of increasing-decreasing-increasing-stable following the forest age, maximum appears at 5-8 years, stabilizeat about 20 years. Variety trends of nutrient concentration in composing portions of shrub(root,branch, leaf) and herb (aboveground, underground) has large difference, but it get to stable atabout 20 years after a series of fluctuations.(3)Predictive results of FORECAST model showed that thinning can promote the growthof productivity of larch plantation in short term, but increasing quantity decreased followingthe increasing generations of continuous cultivation, at last, it get to identical to nomanagement forest gradually. Productivity does not decline in 5-10generations by usingmoderate thinning intensity. Synthesis perspective showed that moderate or light thinningmode is suitable to larch plantation.更多还原