【作者】 张丽云；

【导师】 朱艺华；

【作者基本信息】 浙江工业大学 ， 管理科学与工程， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 移动自组网(MANETs，Mobile Ad-hoc Networks)是一种不依赖于固定基础设施的、自组织的无线网络，组网方便、快捷，已经被广泛应用于军事、公共安全、反恐维稳、灾难救助、智能交通、环境监控、应急通信等诸多领域。路由策略是确保移动自组网正常运行的关键，属于ISO(International Organizations for Standardization)提出的OSI(Open Systems Interconnection)七层模型的网络层，它的主要功能是：路径发现、路径选择与数据包转发。由于移动自组网具有无线传输、高度的动态拓扑、无中心、多跳路由等特点，因此，为MANET设计高效、稳定、可靠的路由策略成为一种挑战。针对已有移动自组网路由技术中存在的网络稳定性低的问题，充分考虑移动自组网中节点能量有限的特点，本文提出了基于蚂蚁算法的能量感知自适应智能路由算法APRA(Ant-based Power-aware Routing Algorithm)。APRA是一种模仿蚂蚁觅食行为的路由算法，充分利用人工蚂蚁搜索从源节点到目的节点的所有路径，也充分考虑网络中节点的剩余能量的公平分配使用和路径跳数，在路径选择时尽量选择跳数小、节点剩余能量大的路径，使得网络中负载分布均匀，延长了网络的生存时间，增强了网络的稳定性。通过仿真实验可知，APRA算法能够在较短的时间内找到最优路径。此外，蚂蚁算法是分布式算法，只需要网络的局部信息，具有较强的鲁棒性和自适应性。当网络的拓扑结构发生变化时，APRA算法能够利用蚂蚁的自适应性，通过动态地修改各个链路的信息素强度，及时地适应变化的拓扑结构，迅速找到新的替代路径。在2006年国务院发布的2006—2020年国家中长期科学和技术发展规划中，移动自组网被列为前沿技术。本研究属于国际前沿技术，研究成果对移动自组网的设计、应用、运行、管理与维护，具有重要的理论及应用价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETs) are decentralized networks of autonomousmobile nodes, in which communicates between mobile nodes are performed viawireless connections without support of any infrastructure. Being flexibly formed,MANETs are widely applied in such areas as military, public safety, anti-terrorism,rescue, surveillance of environment, emergency communication, and more.Routing is critical for a MANET to run effectively, which belongs to the networklayer of the open systems interconnection (OSI) model developed by the InternationalOrganization for Standardization (ISO). The main functions of routing are routediscovery, route selection, and packet delivery. It is challenging for us to designappropriate routing strategies effectively used in MANET due to its characters ofwireless connection, highly mobility, decentralized, and multi-hops.In view of low stability and reliability in existing routing strategies for MANETs,noting the energy limitation of the nodes in MANETs, based on ant colonyalgorithms, we present a power-aware and adaptive routing algorithm for MANETs.This algorithm is referred to as Ant-based Power-aware Routing Algorithm (APRA),which mimics ants’ behaviors for searching food and makes artificial ants explorepossible route between source and destination nodes. In addition, it takes the nodes’remaining energy levels as well as the hops of the route into account. In the APRA,the routes with less hops and the nodes on the routes with high level of remaining energy can be selected with highest likely, so that traffic loads of the MANET arebalanced and the lifespan of the nodes and the whole MANET are prolonged.The results of the simulation study show that the APRA is able to find the bestroute in a short time. In addition, the APRA is one of distributed algorithms and onlyuses local information of the MANET. It exhibits highly robustness and adaptability.When the topology of a MANET changes, the APRA can find a new route quickly byrenewing the pheromone in each route to meet the topology’s change.MANETs have been listed as the frontiers in the National Mid- and Long-TermScientific and Technological Development Plan Guideline (2006-2020) which isissued by the State Council of China. As an advanced technique, the results of thisstudy have significant academic and practical value on design, application,management and maintenance of MANETs.更多还原