【作者】 刘志霞；

【导师】 李晓方；

【作者基本信息】 华南师范大学 ， 植物学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 抽穗期和株高是水稻重要的农艺性状，利用分子标记和高密度的遗传连锁图谱，已在不同群体中定位或克隆了多个影响水稻抽穗期和株高的QTL。本文以水稻多基因型种群(遗传多样性)育种利用12个亲本经叠加式杂交获得的214个重组多基因型稳定基础群体(A1-A214)及亲本为研究材料，分别于2002、2004、2006在广州大丰实验基地进行田间实验，考察了抽穗期和株高的表型值。结合性状的表型值与SSR分子标记数据，检测、分析了多基因型育种基础群体抽穗期和株高的QTL效应及其分布特征，主要研究结果如下：1、比较分析基础群体抽穗期和株高三年间的表型变异，均有双向超亲分离，表明在多基因型种群基础群体中抽穗期与株高仍受主效和微效基因的控制。2、利用单标记方差分析法和相关分析法，运用95个SSR标记分析检测了抽穗期及株高与各个SSR标记基因型之间的连锁关系。在P＜0.01显著水平下共检测到了24个与04年和06年的抽穗期显著相关的SSR标记位点，定位了20个QTL效应位点，分别分布于第1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、11、12染色体，它们对抽穗期性状的贡献率为3.36％-22.89％。20个QTL效应位点中有12个与前人研究精细定位的抽穗期QTL效应位点相吻合。分别是位于第1染色体的qDTH-1；第3染色体的Hd-6和Hd-9；第4染色体的Hd-11；第5染色体的qDTH-5、第6染色体的Hd-1和Hd-3；第7染色体的Hd-2和Hd-4；第8染色体上的Hd-5，第9染色体上的qDTH-9；第12染色体的Hd-13。株高与标记基因型间的方差分析和相关分析检测到6个与04年株高显著相关的SSR标记(P＜0.01)，定位了6个QTL效应位点。分别分布于第1、2、5、8染色体上，其中有5个与前人研究发现的株高QTL效应位点相吻合，这些已定位株高QTL效应位点分别是位于第1、2、5、8、染色体上的PTHT1、ph2.1、ph5.1、PTHT8、ph8.1。从而证实了单标记方差分析和相关分析方法在多基因型育种群体农艺性状QTL研究中的实用性和可靠性。3、将所筛选到的与抽穗期、株高性状显著相关的SSR标记基因型在基础群体不同个体间进行排列组合分析。10个与04年抽穗期性状显著相关的SSR标记(贡献值为5.46％—16.57％)在基础群体不同家系中共检测到184种不同的基因型排列组合；6个与06年晚造抽穗期显著相关的SSR标记(贡献率为7.8％—22.89％)在基础群体不同家系中重组产生了118种不同的排列组合。6个与04年株高表型显著相关的SSR标记分析基础群体，共检测到151种不同的SSR标记基因型排列组合。在抽穗期与株高的SSR标记基因型排列组合分析结果中，不同QTL效应位点上的基因的互作效应均产生了相同或相似的表型值，或相同基因型不同表型值的个体组合。这些组合说明利用多因一效或复等位基因相互作用的原理可以通过多基因型种群育种筛选得到表现型类似的基因型不同的组合，最后形成在表型性状一致而基因型不同的多基因型育种种群。更多还原

【Abstract】 Heading date and plant height are important agronomic traits of rice.Manylinkage maps at high density of molecular markers have ever been constructed forthese two quantitative traits. In this study, Ninety-five SSR markers of rice wereadapted to detect the quantitative traits of heading date and plant height of 11 parentallines and 214 stable fundamental populations of multi-genotype breeding which werecreated by piled-up hybridization. Field experiments of the stable populations derivedfrom 11 parental lines were conducted in Guangzhou in the years of 2002,2004,2006.The agronomic traits investigated included heading date and plant height. Analysis ofquantitative trait locus with SSR marker was carried out against these two traits.The frequency distribution of heading date and plant height in the stablefundamental populations of multi-genotype breeding of the three years displayed anunderlying bimodal distribution and showed transgressive segregation.The results su-ggested that these two traits were controlled by the major and minor QTLs.A total of 95 SSR markers were employed to identify QTLs which associate withheading date and plant height. Based on ANOVA and correlation coefficient analysis(P＜0.01),20 putative QTLs which controll the heading date of 2004 and 2006 weredetected. These putative QTLs were located on chromosomes 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12respectively. The percentage of phenotypic variations explained by these QTLs rangedfrom 3.36% to 22.89%. Based on ANOVA and correlation coefficient analysis(P＜0.01),6 putative QTLs associate with plant height were found to be located onchromosomes 1,2, 5,8 respectively. The percentage of phenotypic variations in plantheight explained by these QTLs ranged from 2.60% to 10.7%.12 QTLs which controllthe heading date have ever been free mapped for in their linkages, qDTH-1 onChromosome 1,Hd-6 and Hd-9 on the Chromosome 3, Hd-11 on the Chromosome 4,qDTH-5 on Chromosome 5,Hd-1 and Hd-3 on the Chromosome 6,Hd-2 and Hd-4 onthe Chromosome 7,Hd-5 on the Chromosome 8, qDTH-9 on Chromosome 9,Hd-13 onthe Chromsome 12. Among the 6 QTLs associate with plant height which weredetected in the experiment 5 of them including PTHT1, ph2.1, ph5.1, PTHT8, ph8.1located on Chromosome 1,2,5,8 respectively. The pattern of permutation and combination between the genotype of markers andphenotype of traits (including heading date and plant height) were analyzed.A total of184 patterns were detected by 10 SSR markers which associate with the heading datein the year of 2004.And a total of 118 patterns were detected by 6 SSR markers whichassociat with the heading date in the late cropping season of 2006.For plant-heightassociated markers,a total of 151 patterns were discovered.The result indicates thatplants with identical or similar phenotype but with different genotype can be selectedfrom the stable fundamental populations of multi-genotype breeding.更多还原