【作者】 刘晓杰；

【导师】 李正栓；

【作者基本信息】 河北师范大学 ， 英语语言文学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 在英国戏剧史上,克里斯托弗·马洛的重要地位在于他对英国戏剧的贡献,他因“雄伟诗行”而闻名,也因首先使用了戏剧形式无韵体而著名。在他的剧中使用了心理冲突和强烈感情的渲染,从而对戏剧人物的刻画产生强有力的效果。这篇论文尝试用雅克·拉康的欲望理论来研究马洛人物的心理层面,以求启发人们对马洛的《浮士德博士的悲剧》的理解。这部悲剧的中心在于欲望驱动下宗教视野的崩溃问题,这也是长久以来在西方社会占支撑地位的道德源头之一。在马洛的剧中现实与想象的结合既是作家本人的创造也来自其他人的创作源。在这部剧中,马洛的灵感来自于想象和学识的思索,这一思索是对马洛创造的伊丽莎白戏剧舞台上神秘主人公的思索。马洛剧作大部分带有挑战性、不确定性和反传统性,这些特质在本文的主干部分有阐释。这篇论文分为三部分。第一章探索拉康的欲望理论,这一理论是如何应用于这部剧作的,及主人公是怎样被个人欲望激发和死亡欲望对他的困扰。第二章研究主人公对待宗教的态度,竭力展现悲剧与欲望之间的关联。剧作家展现了他的主人公的无神论精神,这一精神不仅推翻了这部剧中的社会等级秩序而且昭示了对伊丽莎白时期思想意识形态的颠覆。欲望是通过主人公和魔鬼之间的签约来得到宣泄的,在传统道德和个人欲望之间困境重生。第三章致力于论述主人公的欲望圆满,欲望的最后表达及主人公在拥抱欲望最高形式—死亡时那种不屈不挠的崇高美。浮士德的圆满和完整是通过死亡来完成的,通过这最后的毁灭及其透出的悲剧性的美,使主人公获得了自我欲望的永久表达和重生。总之,在使用欲望理论来分析马洛剧时,雅克·拉康的理论从心理层面上启发了人们对于这部剧作的理解。马洛戏剧化地展示了存在于他的同时代人精神层面的特质,诸如:不确定性、反传统及叛逆精神。在马洛剧中也揭示了西方文化的道德疾病,与上帝的争吵使得西方宗教秩序崩溃。马洛剧中也无意识地揭示了个体生命的道德和心理的真实面。然而,在马洛剧中展现的人的欲望这一主题是复杂的,仅凭一理论要将其阐释明晰是困难的。因此,本文仅仅旨在使用欲望这一理论来探察个体悲剧及悲剧与欲望之间的关联。更多还原

【Abstract】 Christopher Marlowe’s significance lies in his contribution to the English drama in the history of English theatre. He is noted for his mighty line in dramaturgy, and known as the first one to use blank verse in drama. His employment of psychological conflicts and intense emotions has created powerful effects in dramatic characterization. This thesis attempts to study the psychological perspectives of Christopher Marlowe’s protagonists in terms of Jacques Lacan’s theory to illuminate our interpretations of Marlowe’s play The Tragedy of Doctor Faustus. The focus of tragedy in this play lies in the problem of the collapse of the theistic vision which has long been one of the supportive moral sources in western society. The fact and fiction which is both his own creations and those of others are peculiarly intertwined with responding to Marlowe’s work. In this play Marlowe is fuelled by speculation in fiction and scholarship about his mysterious man of the Elizabethan theatre. Marlowe’s drama is characteristically challenging, unsettling and unconventional, and the corpus in this thesis will attempt to demonstrate these qualities.This thesis is divided into three chapters. Chapter One explores the theory of desire by Lacan and how the theory is applied to the study of the play and how the protagonist is motivated by his personal desire, and his obsession by the death wish. Chapter Two relates to the study of the relationship of tragedy and desire in the protagonist’s attitude towards the religion, focusing on tragedy and desire. Marlowe embodies his protagonist with the spirit of atheism, and it is such spirit which subvert the hierarchy of the social system not only in this play but also in Elizabethan ideology, and in this chapter the catharsis of desire is expressed through the contract between the protagonist and the devil, finally the dilemma arises by the conflicts of the traditional morality and individual desire. Chapter Three is devoted to the protagonist’s fulfillment of desire, and the final expression of desire and the protagonist’s indomitable sublime beauty in embracing the summit of desire-death. Hence the perfection and wholeness of the protagonist is fulfilled by his death, the final doom arrives, and the protagonist gets his eternal expression and regeneration with its tragic beauty.In the employment of the theory of desire in analyzing Marlowe’s play, the theories of Jacques Lacan illuminate our interpretations of this play from psychoanalytical perspectives, Marlowe dramatizes the feature of uncertainty, unconventionality and rebellion which exists in his contempories’spiritual aspect. And in Marlowe’s play, it also reveals the moral diseases of Western culture that has caused the collapse of the Western religious order. And in Marlowe’s play the moral and psychological truth about the individual has also been reflected unconsciously. However, Marlowe’s opinion in his play on the desire of human being is complex, it cannot be explained clearly in any single theory, thus this thesis only aims at using the theory of desire to explore the individual tragedy and the connections between tragedy and desire.更多还原