【作者】 田万慧；

【导师】 王生林；

【作者基本信息】 甘肃农业大学 ， 农业经济管理， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 统筹城乡发展,解决“三农”问题是坚持科学发展观,实现全面建设小康社会目标、建设社会主义新农村、构建和谐社会的首要问题。甘肃省贫困地区“三农”问题有着特殊性:农业自然条件差、农村经济缺乏主导产业支撑、劳动力大量富余。要从根本上解决“三农”问题,其中至关重要的一环就是做好农村劳动力的转移工作,只有农村劳动力实现了顺利和成功的转移,农民才有实现持续增收的有力保障,只有农民增收有了保障,“三农”问题才能得到顺利解决。本文以实地调查资料和统计资料为依据,从甘肃省贫困地区农村劳动力基本情况的分析入手,研究了甘肃省贫困地区农村劳动力转移的总体状况与特征。运用劳均负担耕地面积测算法与社会平均生产力测算法测算出甘肃省贫困地区农村富余劳动力的数量约为250.6万人;运用常规预测法与灰色预测法对甘肃省贫困地区农村劳动力的未来转移趋势进行了预测,结果表明,在未来15-20年的时间里,甘肃省贫困地区农村劳动力的比重将不断下降。论文从甘肃省贫困地区社会经济及农村发展的实际出发,运用定性分析法对影响甘肃省贫困地区农村劳动力转移的整体因素进行了分析。这些因素集中体现为:经济增长方式的转变;转移成本的高昂;二元经济社会结构的制约;土地产权制度的缺陷;基本就业服务缺乏,组织化程度较低;社会保障不健全;智力、法制、身体、心理素质的障碍;农业自身吸纳能力的减弱;小城镇总体水平不高,吸纳功能弱;城镇人口失业率日益提高的影响;政府部门对农村劳动力转移认识不到位;农民思想观念陈旧,走出去的意识淡薄等。并依据实地调查资料,运用实证分析法分析了影响甘肃省贫困地区农村劳动力转移的区域因素和个体因素。区域因素主要有:社区经济发展水平、政府的关注程度、乡镇企业发展程度等;个体因素主要有:劳动者的性别、劳动力的教育程度等。为了准确反映各种因素对农村劳动力转移的影响程度,文章又运用相关分析法对影响甘肃省贫困地区农村劳动力转移的因素进一步进行了定量分析,结果表明:农村非农产业的发展、城镇化水平、劳动力文化素质、农业劳动生产率是影响甘肃省贫困地区农村劳动力转移的主要因素。论文在借鉴其他国家及地区农村劳动力转移成功经验的基础上,依据甘肃省贫困地区实际情况,认为甘肃省贫困地区今后可选择的有效路径主要有:挖掘农业内部就业潜力,继续发挥农业吸纳农村劳动力蓄水池的作用;大力发展农村非农产业,增强农村内部吸纳农村富余劳动力的能力;积极而稳步地发展小城镇建设,拓展农村劳动力转移的空间;有组织地进行劳务输出,实施农村富余劳动力的异地转移。最后,论文从制度创新和政策完善等方面入手,提出进一步加快甘肃省贫困地区农村劳动力转移的对策建议:渐进推动户籍制度改革,彻底消除农村劳动力向城市转移的制度障碍;完善并建立合理的土地流转制度,实现城乡土地市场的一体化;建立健全高水平、广覆盖、多层次的城乡衔接的社会保障制度;加强城市用工制度改革,逐步建立城乡统一的就业制度;增加农村基础教育投资,完善九年义务教育,提高农村人口整体素质;加强农村劳动力转移培训,创劳务品牌;建立健全农村富余劳动力就业的信息服务体系;强化法律服务,监管和保护劳动者权益;促进科技进步;弱化农村劳动力流动的负面效应,为推进新农村建设提供人才智力支持。更多还原

【Abstract】 Orchestrating the development of city and countryside, resolving the problem of "three agricultures" are initial problems which of insisting the concept of scientific development, achieving the goal of completely constructing a social which can ensure our people a relative comfortable life, building a new socialist countryside and building a harmonious society. The problem of "three agricultures" in Gansu province’s poor areas has its own peculiarities: Natural conditions of agriculture are bad, Rural economic is shortage of leading industry to prop up, Surplus labor force remains in great quantities. In order to radically resolve the problem of "three agricultures", it is a question of the last importance that we should well transfer rural labor force, Only we realize to smoothly and successfully transfer rural labor force, Farmer will just have a realization that they can accept an effective guarantee of increasing continuously, Only the increased incomes of farmer has a guarantee, then the problem of "three agricultures" can be resolved smoothly.This text took investigating data on the spot and statistics as basis, Commenced from the analysis of the basic situation of rural labor force in Gansu province’s poor areas, Total condition and characteristic of rural labor force transfer in Gansu province’s poor areas were studied . The amount of rural surplus labor force in Gansu province ’s poor areas was measured that was about 250.6 myriad people with the way of labor average bearing farmland area and the way of social average productivity; The future transfer trend about rural labor force in Gansu province ’s poor areas was estimated with normal regulation and gray methods, The result expressed that,In the coming 15-20 years, The proportion of rural labor force in Gansu province’s poor areas would Constantly descend.The thesis commenced from the fact of socio-economic and rural development in Gansu province’s poor areas, then the whole factor about influencing rural labor force transfer in Gansu province’s poor areas was analyzed making use of a qualitative method. These factors concentrated on: The ways to achieve economic growth; High transfer cost ;The restriction of dualistic economic structure of society; The deficiency of land property system; Lacking of basic employment service, the degree of systematism is lower; Social security is unsound; The obstacles of intelligence, legal system, physical makeup, mental qualities; The ability of agriculture itself to absorb is weak; The total level of small town is low, absorbing function is weak; The influence of urban unemployment rate raising increasingly; The government department has not thoroughly understood the shift of rural labor force; The farmer’s idea is outmoded, the realization of going out is lukewarm etc.. Being founded on investigated data on the spot, the district factor and individual factor that influence rural labor force transfer in Gansu province’s poor areas were analyzed using the method of evidence analysis. The district factor mainly includes: Community economy development level, The degree of government concerning, The development degree of rural enterprises and so on. The individual factor mainly includes: The sex of laborers, The educational background of labor force etc..For the sake of properly reflecting various factor’s degree of influence on rural labor force transfer, the article again further quantitatively analyzed the factors which influence rural labor force transfer of Gansu province ’s poor areas using the method of correlation analysis, The results indicated that the development of rural non-agriculture industry, urbanization level, labor force‘s educational level, agriculture labor productivity were main factors of influencing rural labor force transfer in Gansu province’s poor areas.The thesis was based on learning from other nations and regions’successful experience on rural labor force transfer, According to the actual conditions of Gansu province ’s poor areas, valid methods to choose which were considered in Gansu province ’s poor areas from now on mainly are :Tapping agriculture inner employment potential, continue to bring into play the reservoir effect that agriculture absorbs rural labor force; Strongly developing rural non-agriculture industry, strengthen rural inner ability of absorbing rural surplus labor force; Actively and steadily developing small town construction, expand the space of rural labor force transfer; Organizing service exportation, carry out the strategy of transferring rural surplus labor force to another place.Finally, The thesis commencing from system innovation and policy perfection etc., put forward strategy and suggestion which further speed to transfer rural labor force of Gansu province’s poor areas: Gradually promoting the reform of household register system, thoroughly remove the system obstacles of rural labor force transferring towards the city; Perfect and establish reasonable land turnover system, carrying out the integration of urban and rural land markets; Set up and improve social security system that will be high level, wide overlay, multilayer, rural-urban linking up; Strengthening the reform of urban using work system, gradually establish rural-urban unified employment system; Increasing the investment of rural basic education, perfect the nine-year compulsory education, then improve rural population overall quality; Strengthening the transfer and training of rural labor force, create service brand; establish and improve employment information service system of rural surplus labor force; harden legal service, supervise and protect the rights and interests of laborers; Promote science and technology to progress; Weaken the negative effect of rural labor force flow, provide talent and Intellectual support for promoting new countryside-construction.更多还原