【作者】 马艳萍；

【导师】 罗玉柱；

【作者基本信息】 甘肃农业大学 ， 动物遗传育种与繁殖， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 根据国内外养鹿产业现状，在分析当前国内在茸鹿杂交利用、产肉性能、内脏器官构成等方面的研究水平与进展的基础上，针对甘肃马鹿生产所面临的问题，对甘肃肃南鹿场1～2岁的天×甘杂交F₁代鹿生长发育状况和产茸性能进行了测定，对3～4岁和7～10岁纯种甘肃马鹿的产肉性能、肉质及内脏器官构成等进行了研究，结果表明：（1）天×甘一代杂种鹿（F1）牛长发育的整体状况优于纯种甘肃马鹿。杂种公鹿1岁时的体重（90.38±2.14kg）极显著的大于同龄杂种母鹿（83.54±1.97 kg）、甘肃公马鹿（81.44±2.16kg）及甘肃母马鹿（78.63±1.98kg）（p＜0.01）。天×甘F₁代体重、体高和体斜长的绝对增长量和相对增长量均大于甘肃马鹿，2岁杂种公鹿的体重、体高和体斜长分别为118.6±2.01kg、117.6+2.11cm和113.3±1.86cm，分别达到甘肃成年公马鹿体重、体高和体斜长的61.75％、92.58％和87.19％，同比甘肃公马鹿分别增长了3.09、5.53、3.84个百分点；2岁杂种母马鹿的体重、体高和体斜长分别为111.5±2.11kg、112.4±2.35cm、109.4±2.13cm，分别达到甘肃成年母马鹿体重、体高和体斜长的70.56％、98.62％、93.53％，同比甘肃母马鹿增长了2.43、6.28、3.58个百分点。（2）天×甘F₁代杂种公鹿初角茸鲜重（0.42±0.12kg）以及二杠茸鲜重（1.52±0.65kg）均极显著大于甘肃马鹿（p＜0.01），杂种鹿初角茸和二杠茸鲜茸重分别比纯种甘肃马鹿多0.16kg和0.59kg，分别增长了61.54％和63.44％。（3）3～4岁公鹿胴体重为60.63kg，屠宰率为47.65％，分别达成年公鹿的60.87％和87.95％；3～4岁母鹿胴体重为40.69kg，屠宰率为40.18％，分别达成年母鹿的61.89％和81.02％。7～10岁时公鹿胴体重和屠宰率分别增至99.6kg和54.18％，增长了64.28％和13.70％，母鹿胴体重和屠宰率分别增至65.75kg和47.26％，增长了61.59％和17.62％。3～4岁公、母鹿净肉重为48.33kg和31.22kg，分别达成年鹿的和58.54％和60.95％，7～10岁公、母鹿净肉重为82.56cm和51.22cm，增长了70.83％和64.06％。3～4岁公、母鹿净肉率为37.99％和31.37％，分别达成年鹿的84.59％和85.22％，7～10岁公、母鹿净肉率为44.91％和36.81％，增长了18.22％和17.34％。3～4岁公、母鹿胴体净肉率为79.71％和76.72％，分别达成年鹿的96.16％和98.42％，7～10岁公、母鹿胴体净肉率为82.89％和77.95％，增长了18.22％和17.34％。（4）甘肃马鹿的肉色和大理石纹均正常值范围内，肉色随年龄增加稍有加深；大理石纹也随年龄增加而增多，3～4岁甘肃马鹿肌间脂肪的沉积量偏少。熟肉率随年龄增加而增大，失水率随年龄增大而减少，肌肉嫩度随年龄增大而降低。（5）新鲜甘肃马鹿肉的水分、粗蛋白质和粗脂肪含量分别为76.31％，21.92％和1.47％，干物质含量比牛肉、猪肉、鸡肉和兔肉低，与羊肉、骆驼肉和马肉接近。粗蛋白质含量高于猪肉、羊肉，低于兔肉。粗脂肪含量低于猪肉、羊肉、牛肉、鸡肉等畜禽肉。甘肃马鹿肉干物质中苏氨酸、缬氨酸、异亮氨酸、酪氨酸、精氨酸含量高于梅花鹿肉和兔肉。（6）成年甘肃马鹿的的心脏重（1.12kg）、肺脏重（2.14kg）、大肠长度（10.49m）均大于梅花鹿，肝脏重（1.68kg）明显小于梅花鹿，而脾脏重（0.38kg）、肾脏重（0.29kg）、小肠长度（14.47m）、盲肠长度（0.80m）以及胃重（3.94kg）均与梅花鹿相近。更多还原

【Abstract】 Based on deer industry present situation home and abroad and seriously analyzingresearch level and advance of crossing utilization, meat performance, visceral in domesticdeer, in order to solve problems about Gansu wapiti production, this paper was carriedout to determine growth and development status and antler production of 1～2 years oldF1 crossed Tian and Gan deer in Sunan deer farm, study meat performance, meat qualityand visceral structural of 3～4 and 7～10 years old Gansu wapiti. The results are asfollows:(1) F1 crossed Tian and Gan deer was better than Gansu wapiti in situation ofgrowth and development. Body weight of hybrid stags (90.38±2.14kg) was remarkablebetter than hybrid doe (83.54±1.97 kg)、Gansu stags (81.44±2.16kg) and Gansu doe(78.63±1.98kg) (p＜0.01 ) in 1 years old. Absolute increment and relative incrementof body weight, body height and body length in F1 crossed Tian×Gan were greater thanGansu wapiti, body weight、body height and body length of two-year-old hybrid stagsrespectively were 118.6±2.01 kg、117.6±2.11 cm and 13.3±1.86cm,which accounted for61.75%、92.58% and 87.19% of adult stags respectively, increased by 3.09%、5.33% and3.84% in compare to Gansu stags. Body weight、body height and body length oftwo-year-old hybrid doe respectively were 111.5±2.11kg, 112.4±2.35cm、109.4±2.13cm,they are 70.56%,98.62%,93.53% of adult doe, compared with Gansudoe,increased by 2.43%、6.28%、3.58%.(2) First antler weight (0.42±0.12kg) and two branched velvet antler (1.52±0.65kg)of F1 stags crossed Tian and Gan were remarkable better than Gansu wapiti and weremore 0.16kg and 0.59kg than Gansu wapiti respectively, increased by 61.54% and63.44%.(3) Carcass weight of 3～4 years old stags was 60.63kg, dressing percentage was47.65%,which accounted for 60.87% and 87.95% respectively. Carcass weight of 3～4years old does was 40.69kg, dressing percentage was 40.18%,which accounted for61.89% and 81.02% respectively. Carcass weight and dressing percentage of 7～10 yearsold stags have increased to 99.6kg and 54.18% respectively, increased by 64.28% and13.70%. Carcass weight and dressing percentage of does have increased to 65.75kg and47.26% respectively, increased by 61.59% and 17.62%.The weight of net of 3～4 years old stags and does respectively were 48.33kg and 31.22kg,they were 58.54% and 60.95%of adult wapiti. The weight of net of 7～10 years old stags and does respectively were82.56kg and 51.22kg,increased by 70.83% and64.06%.Meat percentage of 3～4 years oldstags and does respectively were 37.99% and 31.37%,accounted for 84.59% and 85.22%of adult wapiti, meat percentage of 7～10 years old stags and does respectively was44.91% and 36.81%,increased by 18.22% and 17.34%.Meat percentage of carcass of 34 years old stags and does respectively were 79.71% and 76.72%,accounted for 96.16%and 98.42% of adult wapiti, Meat percentage of carcass of 7～10 years old stags and doesrespectively were 82.89% and 77.95%,increased by 18.22% and 17.34%.(4) Meat color and marbling of Gansu wapiti were all in normal range, meat colorwas slightly deepening with age, marbling was increasing with age, the content of fattyAcids in Intramuscular in 3～4 years old Gansu wapiti was less. Cooking loss wasincreasing, but water loss ratio and meat tenderness were in inverse proportion to age.(5) Moisture, crude protein and crude fat content of Gansu wapiti flesh meatrespectively were 76.31%, 21.92% and 1.47%,the content of dry matter was less thanbeef, pork, chicken and rabbit meat, but it was similar to mutton, camel meat and horsemeat. It’s content of crude protein was higher than pork and mutton, but less than rabbitmeat. It’s content of crude fat was less than animal and poultry meat, such as pork,mutton, beef and chicken. Threonine, valine, isoleucine, tyrosine and arginine in drymatter of Gansu wapiti were higher than sika deer meat and rabbit meat.(6) The weight ofcariac, lung and length of large instestine of Gansu adult wapitiwere 1.12kg, 2.14kg and 10.49cm and they were all higher than sika, but weight of liver(1.68kg) was remarkable less than sika. The weight of spleen, kidney, stomach and lengthof small intestine, intestinum caecum were 0.38kg, 0.29kg, 3.94kg, 14.47m and 0.80mand they were similar to sika.更多还原