【作者】 王兴政；

【导师】 蔺海明；

【作者基本信息】 甘肃农业大学 ， 生态学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 针对甘肃当归产区存在的栽培技术落后、提前抽薹率和麻口病发病率高等问题,对当归成药期的生长发育规律进行了深入研究。本文通过当归移栽时覆盖不同厚度的土壤,选择不同规格种苗,成药期覆盖不同种类和面积的地膜以及施用硼、钛、硒等微肥的试验研究,以期为提高当归品质和产量提供科学依据,同时也对增加农民收入和促进农村经济发展具有重要意义。试验取得的主要结果如下:1.种苗大小对当归生长发育动态及产量因子的影响。在当归单株地上部分干物质积累过程中,大、中种苗处理的单株地上部分干物质积累量始终高于小种苗处理。当归单株根干物质的积累过程可分为开始积累期、缓慢积累期、较快积累期3个阶段。从较快积累期开始,中种苗处理的单株根干物质积累量超过了大种苗和小种苗处理。当归单株根干物质积累量在9月中旬开始高于地上部分。大种苗的处理麻口病发病率显著高于中、小种苗的处理,而且表现出种苗越大,当归抽薹率越高的规律。中种苗单位面积的鲜归产量显著高于其他两个处理。综合来看,移栽时选用苗重在0.3～1.9 g/株,主根长12.4～16.6 cm之间的种苗不仅麻口病和抽薹率较低而且当归产量也会显著提高。2.8月中旬前覆土2cm的处理的单株地上部分干物质积累量低于其它两个处理,但从8月中旬开始其单株地上部分干物质积累量迅速增加超过了覆土1cm和覆土3cm的处理。从8月初开始,覆土2cm处理的单株根干物质积累量就高于覆土1cm和覆土3cm的处理,这个趋势一直保持到了当归收获期。当归的麻口病发病率与在一定范围内的覆土厚度呈正相关,即移栽时覆土越厚当归的麻口病发病率越高。不同覆土厚度与提前抽薹率的关系和覆土厚度与麻口病发病率的趋势并不相同,即移栽时覆土越厚当归提前抽薹率越低。覆土厚度1cm的处理单根鲜重最高,而单位面积的鲜归产量则以覆土厚度2cm的处理最高。因此,在当归移栽时采用覆土2cm的方法综合效益最佳。3.不同覆膜方式对当归生长发育动态及产量因子的影响。由于覆膜处理比不覆膜处理的大田生育期缩短一周左右,所以在幼苗萌发初期覆膜处理对早春霜冻的抵御能力低于不覆膜处理。全覆膜处理的出苗率高于60%覆膜处理的出苗率当归地上部分干物质积累整个过程,不同覆膜处理的地上部分干物质积累量均高于不覆膜对照。从定植到7月初,各处理根干物质积累量无明显区别,从7月上旬到收获期,不同覆膜处理均高于对照。覆膜处理可能是因为覆膜对土壤温湿度及土壤结构产生了影响,抑制了麻口病病原菌的活性,所以表现出了一定的抗麻口病性。方差分析显示,白色膜全覆膜和黑色膜全覆膜处理的麻口病发病率均较不覆膜的对照(CK)和白色膜60%覆膜处理的明显低,达显著水平。不同覆膜处理的抽薹率均高于对照,原因为地膜覆盖改善了土壤和近地面的温度及水分状况,提高土壤温度,进而促进了植株的生长发育,使覆膜处理的生长发育的进程加快,因而覆膜处理增高了当归的提前抽薹率。在当归高产优质高效栽培中推广黑色地膜全覆盖栽培技术时,应将移栽时间推迟7~10天,以避开早春霜冻。4.钛、硒、硼微肥对当归生长发育动态及产量因子的影响。通过二次通用旋转组合设计,建立了当归产量与钛、硒、硼三因子的回归模型,Y=8798.5+268.1x1-117.2x2+108.2x3+66.7x1x2+250.0x1x3+850.0x2x3+130.3x12-270.5x22+59.5x32,方程拟合度较好,可以用来反映当归产量与钛、硒、硼之间的关系.利用DPS数据库系统寻优,以产量9600 Kg/hm2为目标,施钛、硒、硼的系统优化方案为:钛3.95~5.72 kg/hm2;硒3.02~4.55 kg/hm2;硼3.38~5.07 kg/hm2。施用钛、硒、硼微肥对当归麻口病和提前抽薹均有一定抑制作用,回归比较结果:对当归麻口病的抑制次序为钛>硒>硼;对当归提前抽薹的抑制次序为硒>钛>硼。更多还原

【Abstract】 Aimed at the problem of angelica’s agricultural practice ,early bolting rate and high incidence of Ditylenchus Destructor, he experiment got a lucubrate on growth rules of angelica’s formative medicinal value。This thesis aims to provide some scientifical bases so as to master the rules of angelica’s growth and improve its quality through the study of seedling size,coverage soil’s deep,plastic mulch coverage methods and Ti、Se、P。It’s hoped that this research can be of significant importance to raise he farmer’s income and promote the development in rural areas。The main results were drawn as followings:1. The effect of seedling size on yield factor and dynamic changes. In the whole dry matter of angelica’upper-ground part accumulation process, single plant upper-ground part dry matter accumulations of big and middling seedling are higher than little seedling . Angelica root dry matter accumulation process can be divided into 3 stages: it’s beginning accumulating, slow accumulating and quick accumulating period. During the quick raising period, single plant root dry matter accumulation of middling seedling are higher than the others. Middle September was the dry matter accumulation center transfer time. Incidence of Ditylenchus Destructor of big seedling are higher than the others. Early bolting rate of angelica increased with the weight increase. Middling seedling had the highest yield.2.The effect of coverage soil’s deep on yield factor and dynamic changes. Before middle August, single plant upper-ground part dry matter accumulations of coverage soil 2cm is lower than the others. But after middle August, it become quick improve, and it are higher than 1cm and 3cm. From beginning of August, Single plant root dry matter accumulation of 2cm are higher than the others. This trend keep the end. Incidence of Ditylenchus Destructor of Angelica sinensi within a certain range in the coverage soil was positively correlated. It’s mean that incidence of Ditylenchus Destructor of Angelica sinensi is higher when coverage soil thickness become more and more high. It’s different from early bolting rate. Coverage soil 2cm had the highest yield.3.The effect of plastic mulch coverage methods on yield factor and dynamic changes. Because plastic mulch coverage shorten about week than conventional planting( CK). Thus, resist ability of the early spring jelly harm of plastic mulch coverage is lower than conventional planting(CK) in he earlier the seedling stage. The seedling rate of plastic mulch coverage are higher than conventional planting( CK). In the whole dry matter of angelica’upper-ground part accumulation process, single plant upper-ground part dry matter accumulations of plastic mulch coverage are higher than conventional planting(CK). Incidence of Ditylenchus Destructor of whole white plastic mulch coverage、whole black plastic mulch coverage are higher than conventional planting( CK) and 60% white plastic mulch coverage. Early bolting rate of plastic mulch coverage are higher than conventional planting ( CK).4. The effect of Ti、Se、P on yield factor and dynamic changes. Through the combination design of quadric rotation, the regression model of its production and the three elements like Ti、Se and P was founded as:Y=8798.5+268.1x1-117.2x2+108.2x3+66.7x1x2+250.0x1x3+850.0x2x3+130.3x21-270.5x22+59.5x23 , the fitting degree of this formula is good enough to reflect the relationship between its yield and Ti、Se、P. By the application of DPS date base, And targeting for 9600 Kg/hm2 ,the optimization of fertilizing Ti、Se、P the was the following: Ti .95~5.72 kg/hm2;Se 3.02~4.55 kg/hm2; P3.38~5.07 kg/hm2.Fertilizing Ti、Se、P can all reduce incidence of Ditylenchus Destructor and early bolting rate. Reducing incidence of Ditylenchus Destructor, is Ti>Se>P. Reducing early bolting rate , is Se>Ti>P .更多还原