【作者】 马向真；

【导师】 刘勇；

【作者基本信息】 山东农业大学 ， 农业昆虫与害虫防治， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 麦长管蚜Sitobion avenae (Fabricius)是我国乃至世界麦区的重大害虫,不仅能传播病毒病,而且还严重影响小麦的产量和品质。麦蚜诱导信号化合物(volatile semiochemicals)是一类植食性昆虫取食诱导挥发物(HIPVs)。本文主要研究了对麦长管蚜具有不同抗性的小麦品种(系)及水杨酸甲酯和6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮2种麦蚜诱导信号化合物对麦长管蚜的田间生态效应,这对未来推广利用麦蚜诱导信号化合物控制麦蚜危害,具有重要意义。主要研究结果如下:1麦蚜诱导信号化合物对麦长管蚜及其天敌种群动态和天敌群落结构的影响通过在田间使用麦蚜诱导信号化合物-水杨酸甲酯和6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮,明确了这2种信号化合物对麦长管蚜及其主要天敌-异色瓢虫Harmonia axyridis和燕麦蚜茧蜂Aphidius avenae的种群动态和天敌群落结构的影响。结果表明,与对照区相比,麦蚜诱导信号化合物的处理虽然没有明显改变麦长管蚜的田间种群变动趋势,但显著降低了麦长管蚜的种群数量。而且,麦蚜诱导信号化合物的使用能够恶化麦长管蚜的生存环境,使有翅蚜数量明显增加。尽管麦蚜诱导信号化合物处理区的天敌物种丰富度有所下降,天敌群落多样性和均匀度指数也均低于对照区,但燕麦蚜茧蜂、异色瓢虫等优势天敌的种群数量不仅没有减少反而有所增加,而且发生时间延长。因此,田间使用麦蚜诱导信号化合物对控制麦长管蚜的危害具有重要作用。2不同抗性小麦品种(系)及麦蚜诱导信号化合物对麦长管蚜及其寄生性天敌燕麦蚜茧蜂的影响通过在对麦长管蚜具有不同抗性的4个小麦品种(系)上,使用麦蚜诱导信号化合物-水杨酸甲酯和6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮,明确了不同抗性小麦品种(系)及2种信号化合物对麦长管蚜和燕麦蚜茧蜂的影响。结果表明,与对照区相比,在不同抗性小麦品种(系)上,麦蚜诱导信号化合物处理区的麦长管蚜无翅蚜的种群密度显著降低,但是麦长管蚜有翅蚜的种群密度没有因无翅蚜密度的降低而降低,并且水杨酸甲酯处理区的麦长管蚜有翅蚜密度显著增加。另外,麦蚜诱导信号化合物处理区的燕麦蚜茧蜂数量和僵蚜率也显著增加。试验中还发现,在不使用麦蚜诱导信号化合物的条件下,不同抗性小麦品种(系)上麦长管蚜、燕麦蚜茧蜂和僵蚜率的关系均为KOK < JP1<小白冬麦<红芒红。但是在使用麦蚜诱导信号化合物的条件下,抗性较高的品种(系)上的僵蚜率较高。以上结果也表明,麦蚜诱导信号化合物与小麦品种(系)的抗性,在对麦蚜综合治理中具有一致性。3不同抗性小麦品种(系)及麦蚜诱导信号化合物对麦长管蚜的控制效果评价通过在对麦长管蚜具有不同抗性的4个小麦品种(系)上,使用麦蚜诱导信号化合物-水杨酸甲酯和6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮,评价了不同抗性小麦品种(系)及2种信号化合物对麦长管蚜的控制作用。结果表明:麦蚜诱导信号化合物处理区的天敌与麦长管蚜数量的比值均显著高于对照区。达到高峰时天敌与麦长管蚜数量的比值顺序均为:对照区<6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮处理区<2种麦蚜诱导信号化合物混合处理区<水杨酸甲酯处理区。在不使用信号化合物的条件下,抗性低的小麦品种(系)上天敌与麦长管蚜数量的比值较高,但在使用麦蚜诱导信号化合物的条件下,抗性高的小麦品种(系)上天敌与麦长管蚜数量的比值较高。通过对僵蚜率与麦长管蚜数量增长之间的关系进行回归分析发现,方程自变量系数的绝对值的顺序为:水杨酸甲酯处理区<2种麦蚜诱导信号化合物混合处理区< 6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮处理区<对照区。相同的处理条件下,不同抗性小麦品种(系)上的方程自变量系数的绝对值的关系为:KOK < JP1 <小白冬麦<红芒红。此外,种群数量控制指数和校正防治效果的评价结果均为:6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮处理区< 2种麦蚜诱导信号化合物混合处理区<水杨酸甲酯处理区。在相同处理条件下,高抗品系KOK上的种群数量控制指数和校正防治效果均为最低。更多还原

【Abstract】 The English green aphid Sitobion avenae is the major pest of wheat in China and many other countries. It is not only as a vector of plant virus diseases, but also making heavily damage to wheat. Aphid induced volatile semiochemical is a kind of herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs). Laboratory study showed that aphids, through their close association with plants, causing systemic release of induced volatile semiochemicals had negative effects on subsequent aphid colonization and could also have positive roles with insects that are antagonistic to aphid development. However, so far, no experiments have been done in winter wheat fields by using volatile semiochemicals induced by wheat aphid feeding, let alone on different resistant cultivars (lines). This paper investigated the ecological roles of the two kinds of volatile semiochemicals induced by wheat aphid feeding methyl salicylate and sulcatone (6-methy - 5- hepten- 2-one) to S. avenae in different resistant wheat cultivars (lines). The main results are as follows:1. Effects of volatile semiochemicals induced by wheat aphid feeding on population dynamics of S. avenae and its natural enemies and on the community structure of the natural enemies.Two kinds of volatile semiochemicals, methyl salicylate and sulcatone were field-tested for the effects on the population dynamics of S. avenae and its natural enemies Harmonia axyridis and Aphidius avenae and on the community structure of the natural enemies in winter wheat fields. The trends of population dynamics of S. avenae in the volatile semiochemicals treated blocks were as the same as these in the control blocks, but the number of S. avenae apterae was reduced significantly in volatile semiochemicals treated blocks. Volatile semiochemicals could deteriorate the existent environment of S. avenae, so more alatae were produced than control blocks. Although the species richness, the index of diversity of community and evenness of natural enemies in volatile semiochemicals treated blocks decreased, the number of the dominant natural enemy species such as A. avenae and H axyridis were increased. Above all, volatile semiochemicals had significantly efficiency to control S. avenae in winter wheat fields.2. Effects of different resistant wheat cultivar (line) and volatile semiochemicals induced by wheat aphid feeding on S. avenae and the parasitoid A. avenaeTwo kinds of volatile semiochemicals methyl salicylate and sulcatone and four wheat cultivars (lines) with different resistant level to S. avenae were field-tested for the effects on S. avenae and its parasitoid A. avenae in winter wheat fields. The apterae density of S. avenae reduced significantly by using methyl salicylate and sulcatone in each wheat cultivar (line), but the alatae density did not. The density of S. avenae alatae increased significantly in methyl salicylate treated blocks. In addition, the number of the parasitoid A. avenae and the parasitic rate increased significantly in semiochemicals treated blocks. Moreover, when volatile semiochemicals were not used, the density of S. avenae and A. avenae and the mummy rate were KOK<JP1 <Xiaobaidongmai <Hongmanghong. But when volatile semiochemicals were used, the higher mummy rate appeared in resistant ones. These results showed that volatile semiochemicals induced by wheat aphid feeding have the potential to enhance the efficacy and reliability of insect pest control and the pest conservation biological control programs; moreover, it was compatible when they combine with wheat plant resistance.3. Evaluation and control effects of different resistant wheat cultivar (line) and volatile semiochemicals induced by wheat aphid feeding on S. avenaeTwo kinds of volatile semiochemicals induced by wheat aphid feeding, methyl salicylate and sulcatone were field-tested for the control effects on S. avenae in four wheat cultivars (lines) with different resistant level to S. avenae. The number ratios of dominant natural enemies to S. avenae were higher in volatile semiochemicals treated blocks than in control blocks. When the ratios increased to the maximum, the number ratios of dominant natural enemies to S. avenae were control blocks<sulcatone treated blocks<the mixture of methyl salicylate and sulcatone treated blocks <methyl salicylate treated block. When volatile semiochemicals were not used, the higher number ratios of dominant natural enemies to S. avenae appeared in susceptible cultivar. But when volatile semiochemicals were used, the higher ratios appeared in resistant ones. In addition, the absolute value of independent variable coefficient of regression analysis equations were methyl salicylate treated block <the mixture of methyl salicylate and sulcatone treated blocks<sulcatone treated blocks<control blocks in different wheat cultivars (lines). With the same treated, the absolute value of independent variable coefficient were KOK<JP1<Xiaobaidongmai< Hongmanghong. Morever, the evaluation on control effects of volatile semiochemicals depend on the index of population control (IPC) and the corresponded control effects. The results showed that the sulcatone treated blocks<the mixture of methyl salicylate and sulcatone treated blocks<methyl salicylate treated block in different wheat cultivars (lines). With the same treated, Hongmanghong has the hight IPC and corresponded control effect.更多还原