【作者】 李中勇；

【导师】 高东升； 李宪利；

【作者基本信息】 山东农业大学 ， 果树学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 本试验以设施栽培和露天栽培的5年生“曙光”油桃(Prunus persica var.nectariana cv.shuguang)为试材,于2005~2006年在山东农业大学果树站设施果树示范园进行。主要研究了设施内外油桃果实发育期钙营养吸收动态、土壤施钙对设施油桃产量和品质的影响以及土壤施钙对设施油桃贮藏品质及生理特性的影响。主要结果如下:1、随果实的生长发育,设施内油桃果皮钙含量呈先升后降趋势,而设施外呈先降后升趋势;果实其他部位的钙含量变化动态设施内外较为一致,果肉和果柄的钙素含量均随果实的发育而含量降低,果核钙含量呈先升后降的趋势,而种子钙含量在生长后期波动较大。2、树体器官钙含量动态受栽培条件影响较大。设施栽培油桃果皮、果肉钙含量均低于露天栽培;随果实的生长发育,设施内外叶片钙含量逐渐增加,至成熟期达到稳定水平;设施内新梢钙含量前期增加后期降低,至果实成熟期又出现增长高峰,设施外新梢钙含量波动较大,出现三次含量高峰;设施内根系钙含量变化动态较为平稳,设施外根系钙含量变化较大。设施栽培的油桃树体各器官钙含量均低于露天栽培的钙含量。3、土壤增施硝酸钙和硫酸钙可显著提高设施油桃果实的单果重和果实钙含量,以及采收时果实的可溶性糖含量、硬度、维生素C(Vc)含量;土施钙肥对设施油桃果实可滴定酸含量无显著影响,果实可滴定酸含量在0.43%~0.45%范围内波动;土施硝酸钙和硫酸钙可显著降低设施油桃果实裂核率,均在最高钙水平(0.5kgCa/株)时达到最低,分别为36.1%和38.3%。4、土施硝酸钙可明显改善设施油桃在贮藏期间的品质。降低了果实硬度软化速度并推迟软化时间,降低了可溶性糖,可滴定酸和Vc的降解速度并维持高水平含量。土施硝酸钙显著增强了贮藏期间设施油桃果实抗氧化酶SOD、POD、CAT的活性并延缓了其活性的降低;土施硝酸钙显著降低了贮藏期间设施油桃果实质膜透性以及丙二醛(MDA)含量。土施硝酸钙对于提高设施油桃果实的耐贮性和维持贮藏过程中果实的风味和营养品质有一定的作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 The experiment had been carried out in college of horticulture science and engineering, Shandong Agriculture University from 2005 to 2006 with shuguang nectarine (Prunus persica var.nectariana cv.shuguang) under protected culture and which in the open air. It mainly studied the dynamics of calcium absorption in nectarine in and out protected culture during fruit development; The effects of applying calcium fertilizers in soil on the yield and quality and the effects on the quality and physiological characteristic of fruit during storage. The main results were as follows:1. During nectarine fruit development, Calcium concentrations rose at first and then declined in the rind under protected culture, while that in the rind out of protected culture were inverse; The dynamics of calcium concentrations in the other parts of fruit under protected culture were in accordance with that out of protected culture. The calcium concentrations in flesh and peduncle were all declined during nectarine fruit development. Calcium concentrations were both peaked at first and then declined in the stone of nectarine; But the calcium concentrations in seeds were both fluctuated significantly in the later period of fruit development.2. The calcium concentrations in rind and flesh were showed that the nectarine under protected culture<the nectarine out of protected culture; During nectarine fruit development, Calcium concentrations in the leaves were both rose firstly and then kept steadily in the mature period in and out protected culture; Calcium concentrations in the shoots under protected culture rose firstly and then declined,, finally, it peaked again in the mature period. Calcium concentrations fluctuated significantly in the shoots out of protected culture and it had three peaks. Calcium concentrations in the roots under protected culture had a steady trend, but the calcium concentration in the roots out of protected culture fluctuated significantly. During nectarine fruit development, Calcium concentrations in different parts of nectarine trees under protected culture were relatively lower than those out of protected culture at corresponding stage.3. Applying Ca(NO3)2 and CaSO4 in soil increased significantly the single fruit weight, content of calcium of fruit, content of soluble sugars, fruit firmness and content of Vc of nectarine fruit under protected culture; There were no obvious influences on the content of titratable acidity and it fluctuated at 0.43%~0.45%. Applying Ca(NO3)2 and CaSO4 in soil decreased significantly the rate of core cracking, they were reached the lowest point at Ca5 lever and their amount were 36.1% and 38.3%.4. Applying Ca(NO3)2 in soil could improved the fruit quality of nectarine under protected culture obviously during storage. It decreased the soften rate of fruit and delayed the soften time; It also decreased the decompose rate of soluble sugar, titratable acidity and Vc, It remained their content at high level. Applying Ca(NO3)2 in soil before harvest raised the activity of SOD,POD,CAT of nectarine fruit obviously under protected culture during storage. It also decreased the relative membrane permeability and the content of MDA of fruit obviously during storage. It suggested that applying Ca nutrition in soil could increase yield and quality of nectarine fruit and improve sensory and nutritive quality and storability of fruit during storage.更多还原