【作者】 朱玉丽；

【导师】 王洪刚；

【作者基本信息】 山东农业大学 ， 作物遗传育种学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 由专性寄生真菌小麦白粉菌引起的小麦白粉病是危害小麦生产的一种世界性病害。近年来白粉病在我国各大麦区常有发生和流行,危害程度日趋严重,已成为影响和限制小麦高产和稳产的一大障碍。化学防治白粉病虽有一定成效,但需花费大量的人力、物力,而且还会引起环境污染等生态问题。培育和推广抗病品种被公认为是防治小麦白粉病最经济、有效、安全的途径。随着分子标记技术的产生和不断发展完善,利用分子标记技术标记抗病基因,并用于标记辅助育种已成为筛选抗病基因聚合体、选育抗病品种的有效方法。而建立与抗病基因紧密连锁的分子标记,是进行分子标记辅助育种的基础和当务之急。本研究获得以下主要结果:1.小麦抗白粉病基因Pm2对世界上很多麦区流行的白粉病菌种表现高抗或免疫。为了建立Pm2的SSR标记,本研究以含Pm2的Chancellor近等基因系为材料,利用F2分离群体分组分析法对抗性基因Pm2进行了SSR标记分析。采用已定位在5D染色体上的71对SSR引物分析结果表明,12个引物能在亲本间稳定的揭示其多态性差异,7个引物Xcfd189、Xcfd29、Xcfd8、Xcfd102、Xcfd7、Xcfd57和Xgwm190在抗、感亲本,抗、感池间和F2分离群体的抗、感单株间扩增出特异谱带,经5次重复扩增,结果稳定。7对引物所扩增的特异谱带分别记为:Xcfd189360、Xcfd29190、Xcfd8160、Xcfd102250、Xcfd7200、Xcfd57245和Xgwm190210,它们与Pm2基因间的遗传距离分别为0cM, 1.5cM, 2.3cM, 3.9cM, 7.9cM, 25.1cM和44.1cM,可作为Pm2的SSR标记。其中标记Xcfd189360与Pm2共分离,标记Xcfd29190、Xcfd8160和Xcfd102250与Pm2紧密连锁,这些标记可以有效用于小麦分子标记辅助育种。2.冬小麦品种复壮30中具有一对抗白粉病隐性基因(Pm5e),该基因对我国流行的白粉病小种表现为高抗或免疫。本研究以含抗白粉病基因的复壮30、感病品种Chancellor为材料构建F2分离群体,利用F2分离群体分组分析法对抗白粉病基因进行了SSR标记分析。采用已定位在7B染色体上的56对SSR引物分析结果表明,8个引物能在亲本间稳定的揭示多态性差异,3个引物Xwmc364、Barc065和Xwmc517在抗、感亲本,抗、感池间和F2分离群体的抗、感单株间扩增出特异谱带,经5次以上重复扩增,结果稳定。3对引物所扩增的特异谱带分别记为:Xwmc364175、Barc06590和Xwmc517200,它们与复壮30中的抗白粉病基因Pm5e间的遗传距离分别为4.9cM, 5.1cM和18.5cM,可作为Pm5e的SSR标记。其中标记Xwmc364175和Barc06590与抗病基因紧密连锁,在对Pm5e的标记辅助选择中具有利用价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 Powdery mildew, caused by Erysiphe graminis f.sp tritici, is a destructive disease of common wheat throughout the world. Breeding and popularizing resistance cultivars has been proved the most effective, economical and environmentally safe method to suppress the pathogen. However, the resistance cultivars containing single Pm gene often loss the resistance because of the pressure from the powdery mildew pathogen’s dissociation. So breeding pyramiding cultivars containing more Pm genes using the molecular MAS strategy, including Pm gene’s marking and location is an urgent task.1. Pm2 has been proven to be an effective resistant gene in common wheat, conferring high resistance or immunity to most of Erysiphe graminis DM f. sp. Tritici isolates. NILs (near-isogonics lines) with Pm2, its recurrent parent Chancellor and their F2 segregation population were used to identify SSR (Simple Sequence Repeats) marker by using 71 microsatellite primers originally assigned to chromosome 5D of wheat and BSA (Bulked Segregant Analysis) method. The polymorphisms were revealed by 12 of 71 SSR primers between the two parents, and the peculiar DNA bands (Xcfd189360, Xcfd29190, Xcfd8160, Xcfd102250, Xcfd7200, Xcfd57245 and Xgwm190210) were stable amplified by 7 of 12 SSR primers between the resistant and susceptible DNA pools, the resistant and susceptible plants of F2 population respectively. Among them, Xcfd189360 was shown to co-segregate with the gene Pm2, and Xcfd29190, Xcfd8160 and Xcfd102250 were relatively close to Pm2 with a linkage distance of 1.5cM, 2.3cM and 3.9cM, respectively. and these markers can be used for MAS (Marker-Assisted Selection) in wheat resistance breeding procedure for the identification or pyramiding of Pm2 with other resistance genes.2. Pm5e (Fu Zhuang 30) has been proven to be an effective resistant gene in common wheat, conferring high resistance or immunity to most of Erysiphe graminis DM f. sp. Tritici isolates. with Fu Zhuang 30, its recurrent parent Chancellor and their F2 segregation population were used to identify SSR (Simple Sequence Repeats) marker by using 56 microsatellite primers originally assigned to chromosome 7B of wheat and BSA (Bulked Segregant Analysis) method. The polymorphisms were revealed by 8 of 56 SSR primers between the two parents, and the peculiar DNA bands (Xwmc364175、Barc06590 and Xwmc517200) were stable amplified by 3 of 8 SSR primers between the resistant and susceptible DNA pools, the resistant and susceptible plants of F2 population respectively. Among them, Xwmc364175 and Barc06590 were relatively close to Pm5e with a linkage distance of 4.9cM and 5.1cM, respectively. and these markers can be used for MAS (Marker-Assisted Selection) in wheat resistance breeding procedure for the identification or pyramiding of Pm5e with other resistance genes.更多还原