【作者】 宋海燕；

【导师】 李传荣； 许景伟；

【作者基本信息】 山东农业大学 ， 森林培育， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 为了解决现有农田防护林存在的问题,更好的发挥其生态效益、经济效益和社会效益,高标准农田林网营建技术的研究成为科研和生产部门的热点问题。本文以山东省的农田防护林网为研究对象,对高标准农田防护林营建的关键技术进行了研究,旨在为科学营建农田防护林提供理论依据和技术指导。研究分为三部分,第一部分对农田防护林网营建时的主要技术分别进行研究,筛选各个关键技术的最佳方案。第二部分对营建的高标准农田防护林网进行效益评价,确定其可行性。第三部分针对上面的研究,提出一套高标准农田防护林网建设的综合配套技术。主要研究结果:1、营建关键技术树种选择根据其生态适应性、防护性和经济效益,筛选出中林46杨、I-69杨、I-107杨、泡桐C125;其次有刺槐、旱柳、钻天柳（J-172）、臭椿、苦楝、白腊、白榆;经济树种选择枣树、柿树、山楂等;林下配置紫穗槐、冬青、侧柏、牧草（紫花苜蓿）等。高标准农田林网主林带间距为250m-300m,副林带间距应为主林带的2倍,为500m-600m。网格面积180-300亩。林带行数采用2-4行,株距一般以3m×4m,疏透度为0.30-0.45为宜。林带株间混交紫穗槐等灌木树种,能形成较理想的疏透结构。根据不同的防护要求,可适当地增加乔灌树种混交比例。对I-107杨、中林46杨和白榆进行施肥试验。结果表明:对于I-107杨来说,N:P₂O₅:K₂O=1:0.5:1为最优配比。对于中林46杨来说,N:P₂O₅:K₂O=1:0.5:0.5为最佳配比。对于白榆来说,N:P₂O₅:K₂O=0.5:0.5:1为最佳配比。修枝强度越大,林木生长量越低。修枝强度超过30%后,降低的幅度增大。1-5年生林木应轻度修枝或修除竞争枝。新林网树木修枝,幼林期时修枝强度以30%左右为宜,过小不利于提高木材材质和出材率,过大不利于林带防风效能,特别是对窄林带的修枝应掌握适宜的强度。半带更新在林木长势和防风效能发挥上都较好,属较佳更新方式。2、高标准农田林网的效益评价表明:窄林带、疏透或通风结构、混交林带既有利于林木生长,又能提高防风效能,是高标准农田防护林营造的较好类型。高标准农田林网的林木总生长量比一般林网区平均每亩提高25%以上。小麦可增产6%;玉米可增产4%;棉花可增产2.8%。3、根据研究提出一套高标准农田林网建设的配套技术。包括树种选择与搭配、林带走向、网格面积、造林技术、松土与除草、施肥、修枝、间伐、林带更新和改造等。更多还原

【Abstract】 High standard farmland forest network is concerned by the scientists and governors. Because it can resolve the problems existed in current farm protective forest belt, and provide better ecological benefits, economic benefits and social benefits. This paper takes the farmland shelter forest as a case, which focuses on its key technique, and aims at theoretical basis for construction. The study was comprised of three parts:①the key techniques of farmland shelter forest optimal schemes.②the assessment on the benefit of high standard farmland shelter forest, together with its feasibility.③a integral technique system was proposed based on the above research. The main results are as follows:1. Key techniquesThe proper tree species used in shelter forest are selected based on ecological adaptation, protected capability, economy benefit. Poplar Zhonglin-46, Poplar I-107, Paulownia C125 are prior to those species including Robinia pseudoacacia, Salix matsudana Koidz, Chosenia arbutifolia, Ailanthus altissima, Melia azedarach, Fraxinus bungeana, Ulmus pumila. Economic tree species included Ziziphus jujube Mill., Diospyros kakiL.f.,Crataegus pinnpatifida Bunge. Understorey species include Amorpha fruticosa, Platycladus orientalis, grazing（clover blossom）.The best space of main forest is 250m-300m, the secondary one is 500m-600m. The grid size is 180-300 mu. Generally, the forest belt interplant spacing is 3m×4m and 2-4 line. The suitable porosity is 0.30-0.45. The frutex planted under the forest belt can form perfect porosity structure. So, we can increase the mixed proportion of arbor and shrub to meet with different kinds of protective aim.Fertilization was carried out for Poplar I-107, Poplar Zhonglin-46 and Ulmus pumila. The results indicated that the best ratio of Poplar I-107 is N:P₂O₅:K₂O=1:0.5:1. That of Poplar Zhonglin-46 is N:P₂O₅:K₂O=1:0.5:0.5. That of Ulmus pumila is N:P₂O₅:K₂O=0.5:0.5:1.The harder pruning intensity is, the lower tree growth is. When pruning intensity exceedes 30%, the reduced growth range increases. One year to five year forest had better mild pruning or pruning competitive branch.When pruning practice is carried to those new shelter forest, the 30% pruning intensity is best in young stage. Excessive thinner pruning intensity does no benefit to improve lignum, while excessive thicker is not benefit to hurricane lamp efficiency, especially narrow forest belt. Half belt regeneration is the best regeneration mode, which has better protective function in forest growth and hurricane lamp efficiency.2. The ecological functions of high standard farmland forest are evaluated. The results show: Narrow belt, sparse structure or ventilation structure, and mixed forest can accelerate forest growth and increase shelter effects. It is a good type for high standard farmland shelter forest. Forest total increment can be advanced 25% compared to that of general forest network. Wheat, corn and cotton can be increased 6%, 4%, 2.8%.3. Based on the above research, a comprehensive technique is proposed, including tree species choice and collocation, afforestation, bursting and weed control, fertilization, pruning, thinning, regeneration and stand control.更多还原