【作者】 徐宗进；

【导师】 戴其根；

【作者基本信息】 扬州大学 ， 种植， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 2003—2006年对东海县水稻主产区的中、东部两种类型土壤进行水稻高产定量施N肥技术开发研究工作，通过9个乡镇58个试验点试验，获得了用于氮肥定量的斯坦福方程中有关高产水稻需N量、N肥当季利用率及土壤供N量3个参数，明确了基蘖肥与穗肥的优化比例，以此为核心建立了水稻高产定量旌氮技术，并通过验证和完善，在水稻生产上进行大面积示范应用，取得了显著的经济、社会和生态效益。主要结果如下：1、东海县中部黄沙土稻区，稻季土壤基础(无氮区)平均产量353kg/667m~2，土壤平均供N量5.4 kg/667m~2，基础地力产量与其100kg稻谷需N量呈线性关系，Y=632.3X-608.1(r=0.9959**)；东部砂姜黑土稻区，稻季基础产量403kg/667m~2，土壤供N量6.4 kg/667m~2，基础地力产量与其100kg稻谷需N量关系式为Y=557.2X-495.0(r=0.9935**)。2、两种土壤类型上，高产水稻产量与其100kg稻谷需N量均呈二次方程关系。中部黄沙土稻区，水稻产量与其100kg稻谷需N量关系式为Y=-3308.4X~2+12590.4x-11381.5(R~2=0.8526**)，方程最优回归值为1.9kg。当X=1.9kg时，Ymax=596.96kg；东部砂姜黑土稻区，水稻产量与其100kg稻谷需氮量关系式为Y=-3439.3X~2+14780.6X-15204.1(R~2=0.6818**)，最优回归值为2.14kg。当X=2.14kg时，Ymax=676.0kg/667m~2。在高产(600kg/667m~2)条件下，沙土类稻区氮肥当季利用率38.4％；砂姜黑土类稻区氮肥当季利用率39.7％。3、验证试验表明，只要基础地力估算准确，按各类土壤三个施肥参数值来估算目标产量的施氮量是可靠的。其中高产目标需氮量中部黄沙土稻区、东部砂姜黑土稻区分别可用每100kg稻谷需1.9kgN、2.14kgN估算；土壤供氮量中部黄沙土稻区、东部砂姜黑土稻区分别用无氮区基础产量350—360kg/667m~2、400kg/667m~2和每100kg稻谷需1.5kgN、1.6kgN估算；氮量当季利用率中部黄沙土稻区、东部砂姜黑土稻区分别用38.4％和39.7％估算。4、高产田N肥用量相同条件下，氮肥前后期施肥量及比例对产量影响显著。中部黄沙土稻区基蘖肥与穗肥配比为6：4时产量最高；东部砂姜黑土稻区基蘖肥与肥最佳配比为5.5：4.5。5、水稻高产定量施肥的应用，经济、社会、生态效益十分显著。示范点施N量较习惯施肥节N素4—6 kg/667m~2，增加稻谷35—45 kg/667m~2，增加经济效益平均90元/667m~2，高产示范点推广面积2.76万公顷，累计增加经济效益3880.0万元。更多还原

【Abstract】 The 58 expriments about precise nitrogen fertilizer for high-yield rice were carried out on two types soils in nine towns of middle and east area of Donghai country during 2003-2006. The proper values of three parameter were obtained for Stanford equation included amount of N requirement, N fertilizer recovery and N supply amount from soil during rice growth period. Then based on Stanford equation the precise nitrogen rate and its splitting application were figued out. The technique of precise nitrogen fertilizer for high-yield rice was establishedand used in a large area of rice production. Significant economic, social and ecological benefit were obtained.The summarize briefly relevant result as follows now:1. In yellow sandy soil at the middle of Donghai Country, the average base yield of rice, no nitrogen fertilizer application, was 353kg/667m~2, and average absorption nitrogen by rice was 5.4kgN /667m~2 from soil. There was a line relationship between the base grain yield and the corresponding N requirement to produce 100kg grains. The line equation was Y=632.3X-608.1(r=0.9959**). The average base yield in eastern Shajiang black soil was 403kg/667m~2, and average absorption nitrogen by rice was 6.4kg N/667m~2. The line equation was Y=557.2X-495.0(r=0.9935**).2.There was a quadratic relationship between the yield and the corresponding N requirement to produce 100kg grains in the two types of soil under high-yielding of rice. The quadratic equation was Y=-3308.4X~2+12590.4X-11381.5 N(R~2=0.8526**) on the yellow sand in central. And when X=1.9kg, Ymax=596.96kg. The quadratic equation was Y=-3439.3X~2+14780.6X-15204.1(R~2=0.6818**) on Shajiang soil regions of the east. And when X=2.14kg, Ymax=676.0kg. 3. Results of the validate test showed that Stanford eqation with three parameter values is a viable formula for calculating the total nitrogen amount. The yield of target, 600kg/667m~2, in sandy soil needed 1.9kg N per 100 kg grains, N recovery 38%. And the yield of target, 700kg/667m~2, in black sandy soil needed 2.1kg N per 100 kg grains. N recovery 40%. Calculation of the total amount of nitrogen credibility depended on soil nitrogen supply.4. Under the same nitrogen rate, the yield was impacted significantly by splitting the amount between the. In the yellow sandy soil of central area the ratio of tiller to panicle fertilizer of highest yield was 6:4. In the eastern Shajiang Black soil area the best ratio was 5.5:4.5.5. The economic, social and ecological benefit were obtained significantly by using technique of precise nitrogen fertilizer for high-yield rice in the Donghai country. The N application of demonstration reduce N 4-7kg/667m~2 than conventional fertilizering, but increase the yield 35-45kg/667m~2 and the income 90￥/667m~2. High-yield demonstration area has got to 27,600 hectares, and gained 38.8 million yuan addtionally.更多还原