【作者】 吴荣军；

【导师】 龚道清； 赵旭庭；

【作者基本信息】 扬州大学 ， 养殖， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 本试验以溧阳鸡为素材，测定了其早期生长发育规律、屠宰性能和肉品质、种鸡的繁殖性能和蛋品质，并开展了溧阳鸡杂交效果和饲养方式的研究。结果如下：1、溧阳鸡早期生长速度快，8周龄体重公鸡为1.36千克，母鸡为1.21千克。运用Logistic模型和Gompertz模型对溧阳鸡0-12周龄生长曲线进行了分析和非线性的拟合研究。结果溧阳鸡公、母鸡在3周龄前生长曲线基本一致，之后公鸡则明显高于母鸡，且保持较长时间的快速生长状态。Logistic模型和Gompertz模型均能比较好的拟合溧阳鸡公鸡的生长曲线(R~2分别为0.9944和0.9953)和母鸡的生长曲线(R~2分别为0.9967和0.9979)，但Gompertz模型在拟合度和预测体重效果方面相对较好。2、溧阳鸡具有较好的屠宰性能。56日龄溧阳鸡屠宰率在88％以上，全净膛率在60％以上；公母鸡的屠宰率、半净膛率、全净膛率、胸肌率、腿肌率和腹脂率分别为89.12％和88.49％、70.77％和70.86％、63.64％和62.94％、15.82％和15.06％、20.86％和18.89％、2.09％和2.76％。除活重、屠体重、半净膛重、全净膛重及胸肌重这五个性状指标性别间差异显著(P<0.05)外，其他性状指标性别间差异不显著(P>0.05)。3、8周龄溧阳鸡胸腿肌pH值分别为5.93和6.40；胸肌失水率大于腿肌，但胸肌剪切力小于腿肌；腿胸肌水分含量均在71％～74％；脂肪含量母鸡胸腿肌分别为0.84％和2.30％，公鸡分别为0.66％和2.06％；蛋白质含量母鸡胸腿肌分别为21.84％和18.10％，公鸡分别为22.81％和19.47％，上述指标性别间差异均不显著(P>0.05)。4、溧阳鸡开产日龄为157天，年产蛋量169枚，平均蛋重56g，蛋形指数0.75，蛋壳强度4401.7 N，蛋壳厚度0.33mm，哈氏单位70.5；且溧阳鸡蛋重与蛋壳强度、蛋壳厚度、蛋黄重和壳重均呈显著正相关(P<0.05)，蛋形指数与蛋壳强度呈正相关(P>0.05)，而蛋重和蛋形指数，哈氏单位呈负相关(P>0.05)，蛋形指数也与壳重、蛋壳厚度、黄重、蛋重、哈氏单位均呈负相关(P>0.05)；溧阳鸡种蛋平均受精率94.1％，受精蛋孵化率92.7％，入孵蛋孵化率85.6％。受精率与入孵蛋孵化率有显著的相关，r为0.755(P<0.01)。5、利用快速型黄鸡为父本与溧阳鸡为母本进行杂交，杂交后代8周龄公母平均体重为1.521 kg，成活率为94.5％，显著高于其亲本的父本和母本，表明杂交后代具有明显的杂种优势。笼养鸡的各周龄体重比地面平养和放牧饲养的大，而饲料转化率低。更多还原

【Abstract】 The rule of growth, carcass traits, muscle quality, reproduction performance and eggs quality were studied on Liyang Chicken in this paper, the results were as follows:1. The growth curves of 0 to 12-week-old Liyang Chicken were analyzed and fitted with two kinds of non-lineared models. The results indicated that the males and females had the same growth curve before 3 weeks old. And then, the males got a higher growth rate than females did. The growth curves could be fitted by Logistic model and Gompertz model for males(R~2=0.9944 and 0.9953, resp.) and females(R~2=0.9967 and 0.9979, resp.). But Gompertz model was considered to be the best model to fit growth curves of Liyang chickens because of its higher fitness and less bias of predicted body weight on the given age. The parameters of fitted curves representing the maximum body weight in males were higher than those of females.2. The carcass traits of LiYang chicken were fine. The carcass traits of LiYang chicken at 56-day-old were measured. The results indicated that the percentage of dressed weight was above 88%, percentage of eviscerated yield was above 60%; the percentage of dressed weight, percentage of eviscerated yield with giblet, percentage of eviscerated yield, percentage of breast muscle yield, percentage of leg muscle yield, percentage of abdominal fat in fale and female were 89.12% and 88.49%, 70.77% and 70.86%, 63.64% and 62.94%, 15.82% and 15.06%, 20.86% and 18.89%, 2.09% and 2.76%, respectively. The difference of the body weight, dressed weight, the weight of eviscerated yield with giblet, the weight of eviscerated yield and breast muscle between male and female was significant(P<0.05), the difference of other characters between male and female was not significant(P>0.05).3. The meat quality of 16 LiYang chicken at 56-day-old were measured. The PH value of breast muscle and leg muscle were 5.93 and 6.40, respectively. Water loss rate of breast muscle was higher than leg muscle, and tenderness too. Water percentage of breast muscle and leg muscle were between 71%～74%. Percentage of crude fat of breast muscle and leg muscle in female were 0.84% and 2.30%, respectively; those in male were 0.66% and 2.06%, respectively. Crude protein content of breast muscle and leg muscle in female were 21.84% and 18.10%; those in male were 22.81% and 19.47%. The difference of percentage of water, crude fat and crude protein between male and female was not significant(P>0.05). 4. The average age of first egg was 157 day-old, the number of egg production was 169.The average egg weight of Liyang chicken was 56g, index of egg shape was 0.75, eggshell intensity was 4401.7N, eggshell thickness was 0.33mm, and hangh unit was 70.5. The result of egg quality testing showed, significant positive correlation existed in the egg weight, intensity of eggshell, thickness of eggshell, eggshell weight and yolk weight(P<0.05).The index of egg shape and eggshell intensity have the positive correlation(P>0.05),but egg weight, the index of egg shape and the hangh unit have negative correlation(P>0.05), the index of egg shape and other characteristics have negative correlation(P>0.05) as well. The average fertility of Liyang chicken was 94.1%, the hatchability of fertility egg was 92.7%, the hatching ratio was 85.6%.The fertility and the hatching ratio have the significant correlation. The parameter between them was 0.755, it has extremely significant effect(P<0.01).5. The average body weight of 8-week-old crossbreeds from Jiahe(♂)×Liyang(♀) was 1.521kg, and its livability was 94.5%, which were significant higher than its parents. There were obvious heterosis in body weight and livability of crossbreeds. The body weight of chicken fed in cage was higher than fed in house and freely in the field. but its feed conversion was lower.更多还原