【作者】 张雅枚；

【导师】 江三良；

【作者基本信息】 安徽大学 ， 产业经济学， 2007， 硕士

【副题名】以安徽与浙江的比较研究为例

【摘要】 无论是古典经济学、新古典经济学还是后来的新经济增长理论的发展，都认为人力资本是经济增长最重要的因素。当前，安徽省正处于“中部崛起”的机遇和挑战下，能否在国家的号角下实现经济的腾飞，关键就是要看能否充分利用安徽省丰富的的自然资源和人力资源优势，特别是发挥活要素—人力资本在这次转变中的重要作用。所以通过与发达的浙江省人力资本情况进行相关比较，找出安徽省自身的差距，以此提出发展安徽人力资本的策略，促进安徽经济的长期发展。因此，这一研究具有重要的现实意义。本文在学术界对人力资本分类基础上，将人力资本分为三种：一般人力资本、专业人力资本和企业家人力资本，并根据他们对经济增长的异质性从两条线着重研究专业人力资本和企业家人力资本。一是通过国外经济增长理论的综述，归纳出三种人力资本对经济增长作用三个发展阶段的实证模型：新古典经济增长模型、有效劳动模型和人力资本外部性模型，并结合比较容易操作且可行的受教育年限法，作为计量安徽省和浙江省专业人力资本对经济增长不同效应的工具和依据，由此证明安徽省较浙江省专业人力资本水平低。结合所学的发展经济学地区“回流效应”和“扩散效应”理论，总结出安徽人力资本的流失是专业人力资本没有得到充分的发挥和利用的重要原因之一，因此当务之急应从解放思想，重视人才，加大对安徽省人力资本投入，充分利用本地人力资本优势调整产业结构和加强职业教育等方面来提高安徽专业人力资本的水平和存量。二是从国内经济增长理论研究综述，着重介绍了对人力资本产权特征和经济增长的关系文献，特别是运用国内学者们对中国乡镇企业与国有企业的效率比较，由此论证企业家人力资本是企业发展乃至整个社会经济增长的重要源泉。通过对安徽省和浙江省1990-2002年乡镇企业发展状况做时间序列计量模型比较分析，得到浙江省企业家人力资本富裕而安徽省人力资本严重缺乏的结论，并从制度经济学角度来解释浙江省的诱致性制度变迁对其企业家人力资本发展的推动作用以及安徽省强制性制度变迁成为其企业家人力资本发展的严重阻力，因此，针对这些问题，提出了一方面安徽省政府要转变角色，由行政型政府变为服务型政府，另一方面群众要转变思想观念，变被动接受为主动参与，同时大力引进和鼓励企业家在我省兴办企业，提高安徽地区的企业家人力资本存量和水平。更多还原

【Abstract】 Regardless of the classical economic theory, the classical economic theory or thenew economical growth theory, nothing is more important than the human capital tothe economic growth in economic factors. Contemporary, the authorities carry out aseries of policy for "central regions rising", Which is the opportunity and challenge forAnhui Province. Whether Anhui economical soaring would be realized under thenational circumstance or not? The author suppose the vital factor is to fully take theadvantage of the rich natural resource and human resource, specially bringing intoplay the lively essential factor—human capital as the indispensable essential. It’spractical and reasonable that we compare the human capital in Anhui with that inZhejiang to demonstrate the difference of the human capital result in the huge gap ofthe two provinces’ economic growth. As we know, it are urgent affairs thatdeveloping the Anhui human capital strategy and promoting the economic long-termdevelopment at this stage. Thus, this article has the important practical significancefor Anhui Province.On the basis of authoritative view, the human capital comprises three maincomponents: the general human capital, the specialized human capital and theentrepreneur human capital. According to the different role of the economic increase,the paper lays particular emphasis on studying the specialized human capital and theentrepreneur human capital with using two methods, overseas and domesticeconomical growth theories.It’s well know there are three stages, the new classical growth model, theeffective labor model and the human capital externalities model, in the developmenthistory of the economical growth theory which is serviced as the empirical toolmeasuring specialized human capital of Anhui Province and the Zhejiang Provincetogether with the educational stock method. Here Using three models in practicalityconfirms that the level of specialized human capital in Anhui province is lower thanthat in Zhejiang Province. The institutional economics consider "the backwash effect"and "the spreading effect" exist in the difference economic areas. The article summarizes the reason why the human capital is so low and specialized humancapital did not fully exert in Anhui province is millions of human resource spillover,therefore we should release old ideology, respect the talented persons, increase thehuman capital investment, adjust industrial structure and strengthens professionaleducation to improve the level and quantity of specialized human capital in Anhuiprovince.The author reviews briefly the literatures about domestic human capital andeconomical growth, emphatically applies the comparative efficiency about ruralenterprise and the state-owned enterprise by domestic scholars’ research. Thecomparative result about the two difference characteristic enterprises displays theentrepreneur human capital play the important role in enterprise and society. Ruralenterprise is the most important measuring enterprise human capital development way,therefore the author chooses the number of rural enterprises as a stock of enterprisehuman capital in one area replacement variables for the empirical analysis, thenmakes the time serial empirical analysis by the data of Anhui and Zhejiang from 1990to 2002, the author finds that the entrepreneur human capital stock and level inZhejiang Province is very wealthier and better than that in Anhui Province. Thesystem economics advanced the difference effect of initiative institutiontransformation and forced institution transformation. According to the theory, theauthor considers the initiative institution transformation impetus the entrepreneurhuman capital development in Zhejiang Province, however, the forced institutiontransformation baffles the entrepreneur human capital forming and development inAnhui Province. Consequently, on the one hand, it is of necessity to transform therole of the government to become the service government. On the other hand, thepeople should transmute from passive acceptor to be initiative participant,simultaneously the government must attract and encourage the entrepreneurs toestablish the enterprises in our province so as to enhance the entrepreneur humancapital storage quantity and level in Anhui Province.更多还原