【作者】 史小英；

【导师】 张凤艳；

【作者基本信息】 石河子大学 ， 马克思主义民族理论与政策， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 实现各民族共同繁荣是中国民族理论与政策的基本目标,特别是在加快西部大开发、构建和谐社会过程中,加快新疆少数民族地区经济发展,对于提高民族地区经济社会自主发展能力,实现新疆的稳定和发展具有重要的战略意义。玛纳斯县是新疆具有代表性的少数民族经济县,境内有清水河乡、塔西河乡、旱卡子滩乡3个哈萨克民族乡。经过改革开放以来的发展,玛纳斯县经济社会各方面都取得了长足的进步,连续16年在新疆经济中位居首位,但少数民族乡经济的发展与全县整体经济发展之间有着较大的差异,农业结构调整中存在的一些问题,如经济结构不合理,农牧民收入增长缓慢等问题,在新疆少数民族农牧业经济发展中具有代表性,有针对性地研究玛纳斯县民族乡的经济发展问题,特别是民族乡的农业结构调整问题,对促进新疆少数民族经济发展具有重要的借鉴作用。本文在认真细致的田野调查的基础上,根据现代经济理论,借鉴西方发达国家农业结构调整的先进经验,有针对性地分析了玛纳县民族乡的农业经济结构调整中存在的问题。认为农业结构调整中存在的主要问题有经济结构单一、农业产业经济带动力不强、经济发展不平衡、体制创新力度不够、牧民思想观念陈旧等。在农业结构的转型与升级过程中,玛纳斯县民族乡具有诸如独特的自然资源、竞争优势较强的特色产业、后发优势、政策支持等发展优势,同时也存在诸如总体资源条件不理想、科技水平应用不均衡、市场化服务体系不完善、民族传统文化观念影响重等不利因素,因此,在促进农业经济结构调整过程中,必须做到更新观念,激发传统文化对经济的积极作用;优化牧区农业结构,实现牧区经济多元化;夯实基础设施建设,优化农业发展环境;不断推进科技创新,提高牧民整体素质;不断完善政府引导机制,提高服务牧民质量等。更多还原

【Abstract】 It is the basic target of Chinese ethnic theories and policies to realize the national common prosperity. During the periods of constructing the harmonious society and propagating the West developing, it is of strategic importance for national stability and economic development to speed up the ethnic economic developing and to increase the self-developing ability.Manas County is a representative economic ethnic county in Xinjiang. There are three ethnic towns in Manas County, including Qingshuihe, Taxihe and Hankazitan ethnic towns. With the implementation of the reform and open policy, the government made great progress in the economic and social development. The level of economic development has been the first place for 16 years, but the developing degree in the total county and that in the pastoral area is disparate. The problems in the periods of the adjustment of the agricultural structure, including the unreasonable economic structure, the slow farmers’income growth and so on, are representative in Xinjiang. Through the research on the economic problems, especially on the adjustment of the agricultural structure in the Khazak ethnic towns of Manas County. The article wants to offer some inspirations for other ethnic towns in Xinjiang.Based on the careful social investigation, under the instruction of the fundamental economic theory, the author provides an overall introduction on the experience of the developed countries for reference. Then the author analyzes the current problems in the adjustment of the agricultural structure in Manas County. That mainly includes the unreasonable economic structure, the weak industrial radiating power, the unbalanced economic development, the weak system innovation dynamics and the herdsman’s old ideas.During the periods of the adjustment of the agricultural structure in the pastoral regions, there are some advantages such as unique natural resources, stronger characteristic industry, late-leaping advantages and preferential policy and so on. Simultaneously, there are some disadvantageous factors including the unreasonable total resources, the unbalanced science and technology level, the imperfect market service system and the old traditional ideas.In accordance with the current problems of the ethnic economic development, from the view angle of the ethnology, the author offers an in–depth study of issues concerning agricultural restructuring in the ethnic regions, including changing ideas; transforming the economic increasing means, ramming infrastructural construction, optimizing the agricultural developing environment; speeding up the science and technology innovation; improving the herdsman’s overall quality; making guiding mechanism more perfect and improving the grade of service.更多还原