【作者】 刘艳丰；

【导师】 潘晓亮；

【作者基本信息】 石河子大学 ， 动物营养与饲料科学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 目的:利用糊化技术对蛋氨酸和羟甲基蛋氨酸钙进行处理,通过饲喂试验(检测奶产量和乳成分、血液指标等),瘤胃降解试验对糊化蛋氨酸和糊化羟甲基蛋氨酸钙在奶牛中的应用及其稳定性进行评价,以确定其对泌乳牛泌乳性能的影响和过瘤胃特性。方法:饲喂试验:选取25头荷斯坦奶牛分为五组,分别采食基础日粮(对照组)、基础日粮+400g糊化蛋氨酸(试验组一)、基础日粮+20g蛋氨酸(试验组二)、基础日粮+400g糊化羟甲基蛋氨酸钙(试验组三)、基础日粮+20g羟甲基蛋氨酸钙(试验组四)。测定不同处理的饲料在全消化道内的消化情况和试验牛产奶量和乳成份及血液指标。瘤胃降解试验:选取3头装有瘤胃瘘管的奶牛,通过瘤胃尼龙袋法测定糊化蛋氨酸和糊化羟甲基蛋氨酸钙的瘤胃稳定性和降解率。结果:1、试验组四的DM、NDF和ADF表观消失率比对照组分别提高1.91%(p<0.5)、20.98%(p<0.1)、11.4%(p<0.5);试验组四的CP表观消失率比试验组二提高3.06%(p<0.5);试验组三的NDF表观消失率与对照组差异显著(p<0.5),提高15.73%。2、各组干物质采食量差异不显著(P>0.05),但试验组均有增加的趋势;试验组四产奶量极显著(P<0.01)高于对照组,试验组三产奶量显著(P<0.05)高于对照组,分别比对照组提高6.93%和4.95%,试验组三乳脂率比对照组提高2.31%(P=0.086);试验组四乳蛋白显著(P<0.05)高于试验组二,提高2.15%。3、试验组三的血浆白蛋白显著(P<0.05)高于对照组,提高6.39%;试验组四和试验组三的血浆总蛋白显著(P<0.05)高于对照组,分别提高8.48%和7.07%;试验四组的血浆尿素氮明显比对照组低(P<0.05),降低6.98%。结果表明包被蛋氨酸能降低血浆尿素氮,提高血浆蛋白含量,促进蛋白质的利用和吸收。4、五种不同处理的精料在瘤胃中培育12h后,糊化羟甲基蛋氨酸钙的DM、CP均低于其他试验组。在瘤胃培育24h后,糊化蛋氨酸和糊化羟甲基蛋氨酸钙的DM消失率分别为52.81和62.85,过瘤胃量为47.19和37.15;在24小时,糊化蛋氨酸和糊化羟甲基蛋氨酸钙CP降解率分别为54.41和69.20,而蛋氨酸和玉米混合物在24h基本降解完(91.44),表明糊化处理对蛋氨酸和羟甲基蛋氨酸钙具有良好的的保护性。结论:包被蛋氨酸能提高饲料的DM、CP、NDF、ADF的表观消失率。糊化羟甲基蛋氨酸钙和羟甲基蛋氨酸钙能提高泌乳中期奶牛的奶产量和乳乳脂率,降低尿素氮的含量,提高血浆蛋白含量,从而提高蛋白质的利用和乳成分中蛋白含量,但糊化蛋氨酸对泌乳牛的影响不显著。在瘤胃培育12h后,糊化蛋氨酸和糊化羟甲基蛋氨酸钙DM、CP降解率均在50%左右,表明糊化处理对蛋氨酸和羟甲基蛋氨酸钙的保护性不是很好,但可以接受。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective:Utilized gelatinizing technology to disposed Met and hydroxymethyl-Met-Ca (HMB-Ca) ,through feeding experiment(detect milk yield,milk composition , blood indices and so on), use rumen degradation experiment to evaluate the manufacture value and stability of gelatinizing Met and gelatinizing HMB-Ca,to determine its effect on milk performance and cross rumen property. Method:Feeding experiment:selected 25 Holstein diary cow, divided into 5 groups, feeding with basic daily diet(BDD)(control), BDD+400 gelatinizing Met (group 1), BDD+20g Met(group 2),BDD+400g gelatinizing HMB-Ca (group 3), BDD+20g HMB-Ca (group 4),respectively. Determined the digestive condition, milk quantity and ingredient, and blood index of the feeding of different treatments.Rumen degradation experiment:selected 3 diary cow which with rumen fistula,through rumen nylon bag way to determined the stability and degradation rate gelatinizing Met.Result:The result showed:1) The apparent digestibility of DM,NDF and ADF of group 4 had improved 1.91%(P<0.05), 20.98%(P<0.01), 11.4%(P<0.05) compared to control;the CP apparent digestibility of group 4 had improved 3.06% (P<0.05) compared;the NDF apparent digestibility of group 3 improved 15.73% (P<0.05) compared to control.2) The difference of dry matter foraging amout between each groups were not significant (P>0.05),but each group has a tend of increase;the milk quantity of group 4 was very significantly higher than control (P<0.01),the milk quantity of group 3 was significantly higher than control(P<0.05),improved for 6.93% and 4.95% compared to control,respectively;the butterfat rate of group 3 improved 2.31% compared to control (P=0.086);the milk protein quantity of group 4 significantly higher than group 2(P<0.05),improved 2.15%.3) The level of plasma-albumin of group 3 was significantly higher than control (P<0.05),increased 6.39%;the whole plasma-protein quantity of group 4 and 3 were significantly higher than control(P<0.05),increased 8.48% and 7.07%,respectively; plasma urea nitrogen(PUN) of group 4 was lower than control that decreased 6.98% (P<0.05).The result showed Met can decreased PUN,increased plasma protein(PP) contents,enhance the ability to digest and absorb protein.4) After 5 different fine forage incubated in rumen for 12h, the DM and CP of gelatinizing-HMC all lower than other groups.After incubated for 24h, elimination coefficient of gelatinizing-Met and gelatinizing-HMC were 62.81% and 62.85,respectively,pass rumen quantity were 54.41 and 69.20,but mixture of Met-corn basically disposed in 24h(91.44),it showed gelatinization can protect Met and HMC very well.Conclusion: Gelatinizing Met can increase apparent digestibility of DM,CP,NDF and ADF. Gelatinizing-HMC and gelatinizing-Met can increased milk output and milk composition of intermediate stage lacting cow,decreased UN,increased PP,thereby increased the exploitation and protein content,but gelatinizing-Met have no significant effect on milk cow.After incubated in rumen for 12h, degradation rate of DM,CP of gelatinizing HMC and gelatinizing Met were all about 50%,it showed that gelatinization have acceptive protection to Met and HMC,but the effect was not good enough.更多还原