【作者】 王延书；

【导师】 郁松林；

【作者基本信息】 石河子大学 ， 果树学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 本文以一年生葡萄品种“赤霞珠”(Vitis vinifera L.cv.Cabernet Sauvignon )扦插苗为试料,分别用38℃热锻炼和100μmo·lL-1水杨酸不同时间处理后,再对葡萄幼苗进行不同时间段的高温胁迫处理,测定葡萄叶片的脯氨酸、可溶性糖、游离氨基酸含量、可溶性蛋白、绿原酸含量、光合作用和叶绿素荧光参数变化的影响,探讨了水杨酸(SA)和高温锻炼诱导耐热性的生理机制,为葡萄栽培提供理论依据。主要结果如下:(1)水杨酸和热锻炼处理在高温胁迫过程中能提高可溶性糖的含量,高温胁迫0h,水杨酸预处理的葡萄叶片的可溶性糖含量最高为0.41﹪,热锻炼预处理为0.31﹪,对照处理为0.26﹪。(2)水杨酸、热锻炼处理和对照的脯氨酸含量在高温胁迫过程中均表现先升高,后降低再升高的变化趋势。水杨酸、热锻炼处理比对照能显著降低脯氨酸的含量。在高温胁迫下经水杨酸和热锻炼处理的葡萄苗脯氨酸含量低于对照,说明可能与水杨酸与热锻炼处理能减少高温胁迫下蛋白质的降解有关。水杨酸、热锻炼处理和对照的游离氨基酸含量表现先降低后升高的变化趋势,且热锻炼的游离氨基酸含量先降到最低点可推测水杨酸处理比热锻炼处理更能提高葡萄的抗热性。(3)三种处理即水杨酸(SA)处理、高温锻炼(HA)处理和对照(CK)在胁迫0、1、3、6、12h过程中葡萄幼苗可溶性蛋白的含量变化趋势一致,均呈现先升高后降低的过程。水杨酸、热锻炼处理和对照的蛋白在SDS-PAGE凝胶电泳的大小主要集中在16KD-67KD之间。(4)水杨酸处理与对照处理的葡萄幼苗叶片在高温胁迫时间为0、1、3、6、12h过程中绿原酸含量均表现为先下降后回升再略微下降的变化趋势。(5)水杨酸处理在14时能降低叶绿素荧光参数Fv/Fm、Fv/Fo、Fm/Fo、yield、etr的下降程度,降低了非化学淬灭系数qn的上升程度,说明水杨酸处理能减少PSⅡ的光能转化效率的下降,提高PSⅡ的潜在活性。加快电子传递,增加光化学量子产量,提高表观光合电子传递速率,从而在中午减轻了光抑制。非化学淬灭系数qn在一天中的变化趋势表现为先上升后下降的变化趋势,SA处理后再胁迫6h(SAS)和高温锻炼处理6h(HA)比对照CK明显降低了非化学淬灭系数qn的上升程度,从而说明了HA和HAS处理能减少光抑制(6)三种处理的葡萄幼苗光合速率变化表现为:从9时开始净光合速率先上升,到13时达到最大值,接着的2 h直线下降到最低值。从15时又开始上升,到17时达到第二个较小的峰值,接着的净光合速率又开始降低的过程。三种处理气孔导度变化大致为成下降趋势,三种处理的蒸腾速率Tr变化大致为先上升后下降的趋势。15时水杨酸(SA)处理比对照(CK)能显著提高葡萄幼苗叶片的净光合速率。而在15时水杨酸(SA)处理的气孔导度显著高于其它处理,且蒸腾速率也明显大于其它处理。更多还原

【Abstract】 One-year-old grape plants of Vitis vinifera L.cv.Cabernet Sauvignon were used as experiment materials. The effects of high temperature on the content of praline, soluble protein, free amino acid, soluble protein and chloregenic acid, photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were studied. The measures of treatment with heat acclimation (38℃)and concentration of 100μmol·L-1 saliylic acid(SA) were taken to induce thermotolerance of young grape seedlings under high temperature stress in this experiment. The physiology and biochemical mechanism of heat stress on grape were discussed. All results provided the base theory for cultivation and breeding of grape plants.the main results are as follows.(1) Results from the experiment showed that salicylic acid and heat acclimation could significantly increase the content of soluble sugar. The content of soluble suger in grape leaves with salicylic acid treatment was 0.41﹪, that with heat acclimation treatment and the control treatment were 0.31﹪and 0.26﹪, respectively.(2)The content of free proline with salicylic acid treatment, heat acclimation treatment and the control tratment increased at the beginning, then decreased and went up again. Salicylic treatment and heat acclimation both significantly decreased the content of proline, which may be related to the degration of soluble protein under heat stress. The free amino acid with salicylic acid,heat acclimation and the control treatment decreased at the begaining, then went up again. The content of free amino acid with heat acclimation firstly decreased to the lowest point, from which we could conclude that salicylic acid may have more thermotolerance than heat acclimation.(3)The changes of the content of soluble protein of grape plants with salicylic acid, heat acclimation and control treatment were almost the same, which increased at first, then decreased.Most of the molecular weight of the protein through SDS-PAGE was between 16KD and 67KD.(4)The content of chlorogenic acid in grape plants with salicylic acid treatment and the control treatment during the course of different high temperature stress time which were 0, 1, 3, 6, 12h at 42℃decreased at the beginning, then went up and decreased again.(5)Salicylic acid reduced the decreasing of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters which are Fv/Fm, Fv/Fo, Fm/Fo, yield, etr and decreased the increasing of non-photochemical quenching parameters. Salicylic acid have increased maximum quantum yield of PSⅡ, the potent activities of PSⅡ, the electron transport, photochemical quantum yield of PSⅡand apparent photosynthesis electrom transport rate, decreased the increasing of non-photochemical quenching, so as to decrease photoinhibition at noon. The changes of non-photochemical quenching in the day increased at first, then decreased.The SAS treatment and HA treatment significantly reduced the increasing of non-photochemical quenching, which disclosed that the two treatments could relieve the photoinhabition.(6)The shape of diural changes of photosynthesis(Pn)of grape leave with salicylic acid, heat acclimation and the control treatment was that the net photosynthesis increased to the maximum at 13 o’clock, then decreased to the minimum in the following two hours. After 15 o’clock, the net photosynthesis increased again and got to the second maximum at 17 o’clock, then began to go down again. the changes of transpiration rate increased at first, then went down. The grape leaves with salicylic acid treatment at 15 o’clock had more net photosynthesis than the control treatment. At 15 o’clock, the stomatal conductance and the transpiration rate with salicylic acid treatment were higher than that with the other two treatments.更多还原