【作者】 郑文君；

【导师】 范崇辉； 韩明玉；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 园艺， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 本研究于2005至2006年,在陕西渭北苹果产区的凤翔县,以皇家嘎拉、美国8号、礼泉短富和长富2号为试材,用LI-6200便携式光合仪测定了其叶片光合速率的日变化、年变化;光照、CO2对光合作用的影响以及不同品种、枝条、叶位叶片光合速率的差异。其目的是研究渭北产区苹果主栽品种的光合特性,为提高苹果的产量和品质提供依据。研究结果表明:1.不同品种光合速率年变化的差异礼泉短富和长富2号的光合速率年变化呈双峰曲线,6月和8月各有一次高峰;皇家嘎拉和美国8号的光合速率年变化呈单峰曲线,6月为高峰期。皇家嘎拉和美国8号在6月～7月光合速率略高于礼泉短富和长富2号, 8月下旬以后,由于果实已采收,库力减弱,光合速率低于晚熟品种礼泉短富和长富2号。2.不同品种光合速率日变化的差异7月份皇家嘎拉、美国8号、礼泉短富和长富2号4个品种在晴天光合速率的日变化均为双峰曲线,高峰在11时和15时;在阴天和多云天气光合速率的日变化为单峰曲线,高峰出现在13时。晴天时的光合作用明显强于阴天和多云天气。美国8号、礼泉短富和皇家嘎拉在7月份光合速率没有显著差异,都在11时的光合速率较高,显著优于长富2号。9月份美国8号和礼泉短富光合速率的日变化为单峰曲线,且二者的光合速率显著低于7月份的。美国8号的光合速率下降明显,仅为7月份的52.65%,礼泉短富9月的光合速率为7月份的83.39%。3.部分因素对光合作用的影响叶片光合速率在一定范围内随着光强和CO2浓度的升高而升高,礼泉短富叶片的光饱和点和光补偿点分别为929.9μmol·m -2·s-1和23.7μmol·m -2·s-1 ,CO2饱和点和补偿点分别为800μmol·mol-1和150μmol·mol-1。叶片的气孔导度随着光照的上升波动上升,随着CO₂浓度的下降呈先上升后下降再上升的趋势。礼泉短富的5种枝条中,叶丛枝叶片的光合速率最高,其次是短枝的,长枝和健壮生长枝的光合速率居中,中枝的最低。在树冠的不同方位,冠南侧的光照最好,叶片光合速率最高;冠北侧的光照最差,叶片光合速率最低;冠东侧的光照在9～10时较西侧的高,叶片的光合速率也高。在健壮生长枝不同叶位中,基部叶片的光合强度较低,中部叶片的光合强度高,顶部叶片的光合强度最低,仅为最高值的33.48%。更多还原

【Abstract】 This study was carried from 2005 to 2006 in Fengxiang Shannxi with Royal Gala, American Eight, LiQuan Fuji and Fuji Two apples. Their photosynthesis characters were measured by the LI-6200 portable photosynthesis machine. It includes the monthly variation of Pn and diurnal variation; the influence of the PAR and CO2 to the Photosynthesis and the difference of Pn between the varieties and the branches and leaves locations. The purpose is to study the Photosynthesis characters of the apples in the north of Wei and provide the basis of rising the quality of the apples.The main results were as follows:1.The difference of the monthly variation between different varieties. Liquan Fuji and Fuji Two’s monthly variation of Pn is a double peak curve, it’s peak is in June and August;Royal Gala and American Eight’s monthly variation of Pn is a single peak curve, it’s peak is in June. Royal Gala and American Eight’s Pn is higher the Liquan Fuji and Fuji Two in June and July, but lower in later August. The reason is that American Eight and Royal Gala are harvested after August, their power of the storage is weaken.2.The difference of the diurnal variation between different varieties. The diurnalvariation of American Eight, Royal Gala, Fuji Two and Liquan Fuji are all double peak curve in July on the fine day, the peak is on 11 and 15,but is a single peak curve on the somber day and nubilous day and the peak in on 13.The Pn on the fine day is better than the somber day and the nubilous day. There is no difference among American Eight, Royal Gala and Liquan Fuji in July, all better than Fuji Two.The diurnal variation of American Eight and Liquan Fuji is single peak cure in September and both obviously lower than the Pn in July. American’s Pn has a obvious decline in September, it only is the 52.65 percent of the July’s Pn. Liquan Fuji’s Pn on September in the 83.39 of the July’s.3.The effect of some factors on the photosynthesis characters. In a certain range, the Pn of the leaves is raise as the increase of the light intensity and CO2 concentrations. LiquanFuji’s light saturation point and light compensation point is 929.9μmol·m -2·s-1and23.7μmol·m -2·s-1 .the CO2 saturation point and compensation point is 800μmol·mol-1 and 150μmol·mol-1.The Gs of the leaves is increased with the increase of the light intensity and is a increased and then decreased again upward trend with the decrease of CO2 intensity. Among the five kinds of branches of the Liquan Fuji, the Pn of the leafage branch is the best and the short branch a little lower, the Long Branch and the healthy branch is in the middle, the middle branch is worst. In the different position of the crown, the best position is the south, the worst the north. The east is better than the west on 9-10.Among the leave position of the healthy branch,the best is the middle and the worst is the top,it is only the 33.48 percent of the best leaves.更多还原