【作者】 赵志萍；

【导师】 呼世斌；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 环境工程， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 河流“黑臭”现象是水体中有机物厌氧分解的一种生物化学现象,在我国水环境中非常普遍,且呈发展态势。河流的黑臭污染导致河流生态系统遭到破坏;严重影响人们生活、航运和工农业生产;加剧水资源危机;甚至危害周围居民的健康。因此,河流黑臭污染的治理势在必行、刻不容缓。微生物修复技术是一项综合性的技术,该技术利用微生物的新陈代谢能力及基因的多样性,把大分子有机污染物转化为小分子无机污染物,重新进入生物地球化学循环中。不仅不产生二次污染,更具有操作简便,修复经费较传统方法低等优点。近年来,微生物修复技术在污染水体的治理方面不断发展,已经有成功用于污染水体治理方面的实例,具有广阔的发展前景。本研究以从黑臭河水中筛选出的高效降解菌、EM及其定向富集液为主要微生物来源,以漆水河为试验水体,对EM及其定向富集液对黑臭河水中CODCr、PO₄^3-和NH₃-N的降解效果,对河水中筛选出的各高效降解菌株的复配效果,混合菌投加量水平和反应条件的优化进行了系统研究,主要内容和所得结论如下:（1）当EM原液投加量为5%,反应时间为1d时,黑臭河水中PO₄^3-的降解率达到最高,为26.4%,延长反应时间,PO₄^3-降解率有所下降;EM原液对黑臭河水中CODCr和NH₃-N没有明显的降解效果。（2）EM原液定向富集得到的酵母菌、放线菌、乳酸菌对黑臭河水CODCr均有不同程度的降解效果,当投加量分别为5%、8%、2%时,反应时间为2d、2d、6d时,COD的降解率最高,分别为47.2%、27.3%、56.9%;放线菌定向富集液对黑臭河水中的PO₄^3-和NH₃-N有一定的降解能力,当放线菌定向富集液的投加量为5%,反应时间为1d时,PO₄^3-即达到20.6%的最高降解率,延长反应时间,PO₄^3-降解率开始下降;当放线菌定向富集液的投加量为5%,反应时间为4d时,NH₃-N去除率达到最高,为95.3%,延长反应时间,NH₃-N去除率开始下降。酵母菌、乳酸菌定向富集液对黑臭河水中的PO₄^3-和NH₃-N没有降解能力。（3）EM原液和酵母菌、放线菌、乳酸菌定向富集液对黑臭河水的降解研究表明:酵母菌、放线菌、乳酸菌的定向富集液对黑臭河水中COD的去除效果要优于投加EM原液的处理。（4）选用漆水河黑臭水体为菌源,以导致水体黑臭主要污染物的降解效果为依据筛选出4株编号为9#、11#、12#、13#的放线菌对河流黑臭水体中的COD、PO₄^3-、NH₃-N均有降解效果,但效果还不够理想。（5）对筛选出的放线菌9#、11#、12#、13#复配后发现:大多数混合菌对污染物质的降解效果要优于单菌株。当混合菌中9#、12#、13#菌株的投加量分别为0.5%、2%、0.5%时,混合菌对黑臭河水中的COD、PO₄^3-、NH3-N三个污染物指标的综合降解效果最佳,其去除率分别达76.43%、34.14%、76.91%。（6）反应温度和处理水样的pH对最佳投加量配比的混合菌（9#、12#、13#）降解黑臭河流中COD、PO₄^3-、NH3-N的效果均有一定影响,其中反应温度对COD、PO₄^3-、NH3-N降解效果的影响较pH大。当T=30℃时,pH = 8时,混合菌对COD、PO₄^3-和NH3-N的综合降解率最好,分别为为89.2%、27.2%和81.5%。更多还原

【Abstract】 The black color and odor of the river is a biochemistry phenomenon,due to the anaerobic decomposition of organic substances. Rivers are universally black and odorous in the water circumstances of our country,and the trend is increasing. The black color and odor pollution of the river results in the destroying to river ecosystem; seriously influences people’s living, shipping and industrial and agricultural production; intersifies the crisis of water resources; and even harms inhabitants’health. So harnessing to the pollution of the black color and odor of river is imminent.Microbial remediation technology is a synthetical technology. It turns organic pollutants of big molecule into inorganic pollutants, making use of metabolic ability and genic diversity of microbes. The outcomes enter natural cycle again. It is not only without second pollution, but also easy to operate, with less remediation cost when compared to traditional methods, etc. In recent years, microbial remediation technology on the aspect of polluted rivers’s harnessing is developing constantly. There are successful examples on the harnessing of polluted rivers. This technology has an expansive developing prospect.The research was mainly taking systemic researches to the disposal of the black and odorous river with EM and its directional concentration liquid, the mixed culture effect of high-effective microbes screened from the river, the optimization to inoculating quantity levels of each strain in mixed microbes and reaction conditions of mixed strains. The main content and results are as follows:（1） PO₄^3- degrading rate of EM to the black and odorous river came to the biggest degrading rate 26.4% when the inoculating quantity of EM was 5%, the reaction time was 1d. PO₄^3- degrading rate was degraded when prolonging the reaction time; there was no obvious degrading effect to COD and NH₃-N in the river.（2） Yeast, actinomyceto and lactobacillus directionally concentrated from EM all had degrading effects to COD, COD removal rate of them was 47.2%, 27.3% and 56.9% repectively, when the inoculating quantity of them was 5%, 8%, 2%, and the reaction time of them was 2d, 2d, 6d respectively. Actinomyceto had certain degrading ability to PO₄^3- and NH₃-N in the river, PO₄^3- removal rate came to the highest value 20.6%, when the inoculating quantity was 5%, and the reaction time was 1d, and PO₄^3- removal rate began to degrade when prolonging the reaction time. NH₃-N removal rate came to the highest value 95.3%, when the inoculating quantity was 5%, and the reaction time was 4d, and NH₃-N removal rate began to degrade when prolonging the reaction time. Yeast and lactobacillus directionally concentrated from EM had no degrading ability to PO₄^3- and NH₃-N in the river.（3） Degrading research to the black and odorous river with EM and yeast, actinomyceto, lactobacillus directionally concentrated from EM showed that: COD removal rate of yeast, actinomyceto, lactobacillus directionally concentrated from EM was better than that of EM.（4） Screen 4 strains of actinomyceto numbered with 9#, 11#, 12#, 13# which had the degrading effect to COD, PO₄^3- and NH₃-N in the river, taking the black and odorous wastewater in Qishui river as the origin of microbes, taking the degrading effect of pollutants resulted in the black color and odor of the river as the basis, but the removal rate of them was not ideal enough.（5） The interaction experiment of mixed culture with 9#, 11#, 12#, 13# showed that: most mixed strains had better degrading effect to pollutants than single strain. When the inoculating proportion of 9#, 12# and 13# in the course of degrading pollutants were 0.5%, 2%, 0.5% respectively, the synthetical removal rate of COD, PO₄^3- and NH₃-N was the best. The removal rate of COD, PO₄^3- and NH₃-N was 76.43%, 34.14% and 76.91% respectively.（6） Temperature and pH both had influences to COD , PO₄^3- and NH₃-N removal rate of mixed strains（9#, 12#, 13#）, while the influence of T to the removal rate of COD, PO₄^3- and NH₃-N was greater than that of pH. When T=30℃, pH=8, COD, PO₄^3- and NH₃-N removal rate of mixed strains（9#, 12#, 13#）was the best, was 89.2%, 27.2% and 81.5% respectively.更多还原