【作者】 陈红；

【导师】 樊志民；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 农业与农村社会发展， 2007， 硕士

【副题名】以西安市长安区为例

【摘要】 中国高等教育收费已经成为近几年人们普遍关心的热点问题。据有关调查显示,目前一个大学生的花费平均每年在一万元左右,这在很大程度上已经超过了农村普通家庭的承受能力,甚至影响到了农民的正常生活和农业生产的再扩大。针对这一事实,对农村家庭高等教育支出费用问题进行深入探讨就显得极为必要。然而,从现有的研究成果来看,大多数学者所做的仅是宏观政策制度性研究,缺乏有效的微观实证性分析。基于此,本文将在实例调查分析的基础上,利用定性与定量相结合的方法,对农村家庭高等教育支出的现状、农民高等教育投资行为、高等教育支出的影响等问题进行深入探讨。本文通过对西安市长安区农村家庭高等教育支出费用现状的分析发现,目前农村家庭对高等教育的支出主要包括:学费、住宿费、在校生活费、交通费、书本文具费等,每年总支出额约为10032元。其中最高的是学费平均值约为5067.5元,占到了总支出的50.51%,其次是生活费平均值约为3540元,占到了总支出的35.23%。在此基础上,依据全国农村居民的纯收入水平及长安区抽样调查得到的家庭收入水平计算出了目前高等教育支出的负担率分别是76%和87.31%。这两个数字表明,农民几乎将一年的收入投到了高等教育事业,足见家庭高等教育支出负担的沉重。结合教育经济学理论对农村家庭高等教育的投资动机和投资能力进行了深入分析。结果显示,农村家庭投资高等教育的动机包括一般动机和特有动机。一般动机包括提高子女的谋生能力、提高家庭的预期收益和非经济性质的回报;特有动机是让子女走出农门改变身份和改善家庭的养老能力。本文对目前农村家庭高等教育支出产生的影响进行了分析,发现目前农村家庭超负荷的高等教育支出不仅对农村籍子女接受高等教育的机会产生了比较大的影响,而且对农村家庭的生活和消费结构以及中国农村经济发展也影响颇深。由于经济的窘迫,许多本来有能力上大学的农村学生可能会放弃高等教育的机会,即使接受了高等教育的也会尽量的选择低收费的农林地矿或是师范类院校。而且,农村居民从土地中辛苦得到的收入通过高等教育支出大量的流入了城市,刺激了城市的发展,加大了城乡的差距。基于以上认识,本文提出制定合理高等教育收费标准的具体办法和结论。即应在综合考虑生均教育成本、公众对高等教育的付费承受力、学校专业的差别、高等教育的收益以及学生居住地经济水平五个因素的基础上,根据收费成本-比例方法和家庭收入收益方法对其进行计算,得出高等教育合理的收费标准应在2500元-3300元的结论。更多还原

【Abstract】 The charge of higher education has become a concerned hotspot. It is revealed that the average cost of a postgraduate is RMB 10000 Yuan or so, which is beyond the sustainability of a common rural family. So the research on the cost of higher education is of great significance. However, most current studies focus on macro research and are short of micro case studies. This paper probes into aspects about current rural families’higher education cost based on the survey.First, though the analysis of rural families’cost on higher education in Changan this paper found that recent rural families’cost includes tuition fees, lodging fees, living expenditure at school, traffic fare and stationery cost, which is totally about 10032 Yuan annually. Among these fees tuition fees account for the highest percent and in the next place is living expenditure, which costs about 3540 Yuan annually. Based on the net income and the income level of samples, this thesis figures out that the burden rate of higher education is 76% and 87.31%. The data show that the whole year income of the farmers spends on higher education.Secondly, with deep analysis this paper draws a conclusion that the incentives of peasants invest in higher education include general incentive and specific incentive. General incentive consists of enhancing the ability of earning one’s life and increasing anticipated income. Specific incentive is composed of changing the status of their children and improving the capacity of endowment.Then, this article analyzes the influence of current rural families’cost on higher education and found that this overloading cost affects the opportunity of accepting higher education and the development of rural economy. Because of the economic distress, many capable rural students give up the opportunity to go to university or are forced to choose the schools, which ask for lower tuition fees. Furthermore, the income that farmers earn goes to cities, which stimulates the development of cities and increases income gap between urban and rural areas.Based on the former recognizing, this article puts forward reasonable higher education fee criterion. The charging of higher education should consider unit cost, public endurance, different specialities, higher educational benefit and the economic level of students’habitation. And in the basic of cost-benefit analysis, the rational charge for higher education is RMB 2500-3300 Yuan.更多还原