【作者】 郑壮丽；

【导师】 王成社；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 作物遗传育种， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 普通六倍体小麦含有3种Wx蛋白亚基Wx-A1、Wx-B1和Wx-D1,当3个亚基全部缺失时,小麦胚乳中直链淀粉含量几乎为0,称为全糯小麦。糯性小麦具有支链淀粉含量高、糊化温度低、高峰粘度高和膨胀势高等特点,在食品和工业中具有广泛用途。黑粒小麦的蛋白质含量、必需氨基酸含量、微量元素含量、膳食纤维含量都比白粒小麦高。Vc含量以及类胡萝卜素含量也高于白粒小麦,而可溶性糖则低于白粒小麦,黑粒小麦食品的营养价值很高。将黑粒小麦和糯小麦杂交,选育黑粒糯小麦材料,这对食品行业来说是一个新型的小麦材料,对小麦育种来说也具有重要的意义。本试验对笔者所在研究室选育的30个黑粒糯小麦杂交高代材料进行籽粒颜色、糯质特性、HMW-GS组成、农艺性状分析研究,旨在为黑粒糯小麦新品种选育提供基础材料。研究结果如下:1、本试验利用全糯材料和黑粒小麦材料进行多代的杂交,通过小麦籽粒颜色性状的筛选,及通过改良碘染色法和SDS-PAGE电泳鉴定30个小麦杂交高代材料,本试验成功地将小麦的黑粒性状和糯性性状整合到一起,选育出了同时具有黑粒性状及全糯型性状的黑粒糯性小麦。通过连续、多籽粒鉴定,最终确定小麦材料1004(8)、1007(13)、1008-3(14)、1009-3(16)、1018-2(26)、1018-4(27)、1021-1(30)为黑粒全糯小麦。2、改良的碘染色法实用性较好,有效地解决了黑粒小麦籽粒横切面呈一定的蓝色,不适合一般碘染色法来检验小麦糯性的特点。3、本试验对潘志芬的方法加以改进,采用的Wx蛋白提取简便,延长漂洗缓冲液作用的时间,采用固定液75mL乙醇+15mL乙酸+60mL蒸馏水,并固定过夜。改进后的方法对SDS-PAGE电泳鉴定小麦糯性类型的效果优良,条带清晰。4、通过对30个小麦杂交高代的农艺性状分析,30份材料都没有遗传到糯性亲本株高过高、易倒伏的缺点。7个黑粒糯性小麦的农艺性状表现中等,其中1008-3(14)、1020-1(30)两份材料的产量性状较好,适宜进一步选育改良。5、对30份小麦杂交高代进行高分子量麦谷蛋白组成分析,检验到1013-4(22)和1036(33)2份材料含有5+10亚基;另外还检验到亲本204-1002、株系1002(7)等16个材料都含有2.2+12亚基,表明本试验的材料在小麦品质方面具有进一步研究和利用的价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 The common wheat has 3 different Wx protein subunits, namedWx-A1, Wx-B1 and Wx-D1.When the wheat lacking all the 3subunits, the amylase content in the wheat endosperm are nearly null and we call it whole waxy wheat. The waxy wheat has many advantage, such as high amylopectin content, low gelatinization temperature , high peak viscosity ,high swelling potential and so on. The waxy wheat has broad applications in foodstuffs and industry .The content of protein, the essential amino acids, trace elements and dietary fiber of black kernel wheat are all higher than white wheat. The content of Vitamin C and carotenoid are also higher than white wheat, while the soluble sugar of black kernel wheat is less than common wheat. The foods from black kernel wheat have a high nutritional value. Hybridizing black kernel wheat with the waxy wheat, the selection and breeding of black kernel waxy wheat is a new type of wheat material in food industry, and also has important significance in wheat breeding. This trial researching on the 30 black kernel waxy wheat which were selected and bred by our research centers, aim at offering basic materials for breeding selection new variety of black kernel waxy wheat. We research and analyze the grains color, waxy character, HMW-GS subunits compositions and agronomic characters. Results and main findings:1 The trial use full waxy wheat to hybridize with black kernel Wheat in generations. Screening the grains color of wheat and identification waxy character of 30 advanced lines in the improved I2–KI method and SDS-PAGE eletrophoresis, This trial successfully integrates the black kernel character and waxy character together, breeds the material of black kernel waxy wheat. Through continuously and multi-grain identification we finally ascertain the 7 materials 1004(8)、1007(13)、1008-3(14)、1009-3(16)、1018-2(26)、1018-4(27)、1021-1(30)to be black kernel waxy wheat.2 The improved I2–KI method has rather good practicability, which can solve the problem that the transverse of black kernel wheat is blue and don’t fit to identify the waxy character in normal I2–KI method.3 The trial improve the test methods of Zhi-Fen Pan, whose extraction method of Wx protein subunit is convenient, prolonging the using time of buffer,changing the fixed liquid stationary liquids to 75mL ethanol +60 mL acetate +15 mL distilled water and fixed overnight. The improved method has a good experimental effect on SDS-PAGE eletrophoresis to identify the waxy type of wheats, whose stripes of amplification were distinctive.4 Through the analysis of agronomic traits of 30 advanced lines, we find that all the trial materials didn’t inherit the disadvantages of parental materials, like excessive plant height and lodging. The agronomic characters of 7 black kernel waxy wheat are middling.1008-3(14) and 1020-1(30) this two materials have the better yield characters, and are suitable for the further improvement of breeding.5 Analyzing of the high molecular weight-glutenin subunits of the 30 advanced lines, we find that materials 1013-4(22)and1036(33)contain 5+10 subunits, and parental material 204-1002 and lines 1002(7)16 materials contain 2.2+12 subunits. The results of experiment indicate that material of this trial has further study and use value in wheat quality research.更多还原