【作者】 耿慧；

【导师】 李东风；

【作者基本信息】 华南师范大学 ， 生理学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 本实验以非鸣禽家鸽（Columba livia domesticus）为实验动物，记录其正常鸣声以及电刺激其中脑丘间复合体背内侧核（DM）核诱发叫声，利用CoolEdit2000软件对自发声和诱发声进行整理和筛选，并用WaveSurfer1.8软件进行声图、时间波形和频谱分析。采集的声图、时间波形图和功率谱图等用Photoshop CS软件排版作图。利用Origin 7.0软件进行组内单因素方差分析（ANOVA）和简单线性回归分析（Simple Linear Regression）。结果表明，非鸣禽家鸽的正常自鸣声“di·Gu……”，音色低沉而单调，音节种类单一，基本音频率低，频率调制以及幅度调制的能力较差，叫声的品质因数较鸣禽低，鸣声悦耳，大多是为以基本音为主的单音调低音品叫声。家鸽自鸣声中每个单次鸣声“di·Gu……”由前奏（prelude）、高潮声（loud song）和尾声（coda）组成。前奏与高潮声有明显的间隔，可分辨出近似“di”声，持续时间约280ms。高潮声由多个声脉冲(P₁—P₁₉)组成，多数含16个声脉冲，持续时间约650 ms。尾声紧接高潮声，一般分辨不出，持续时间约70ms。鸣声能量主要集中在1000Hz以下。自鸣声的主频率和相对幅值都呈明显的逐步递增、平稳和逐步下降过程。高潮声平稳期的载波主频率（318Hz）所表征的主音调比前奏和尾声的主频率（239Hz）分别平均高4.9个半音，相对幅值分别平均高24.4dB和13.2dB，品质因数(Q_6dB)分别增高1.8倍和2.8倍。使用增压式和减压式电脉冲刺激家鸽右侧中脑丘间复合体背内侧核（DM），获得的诱发叫声近似急促而响亮的连续声“Gu·Gu……”声。与正常家鸽的嘀叫声比较，诱发叫声无前奏和尾声，高潮声中只包含有3～4个声脉冲群。增压式和减压式电脉冲刺激中脑DM核的诱发叫声存在一定的差异。随着刺激电压的增大和减小，家鸽单次鸣声持续时间呈显著的线性递减和递增，速率分别为0.2ms／V和1.72ms／V。单次声的间隔时间较自鸣声显著性缩短，增压式刺激中缩短了87～89.6倍，减压式刺激中缩短了72.3～86.7倍。增压式诱发声的主频率（295+26Hz）和减压式诱发声的主频率（282+8Hz）显著性低于自鸣声（311±30Hz，n=12），声图中可见1～2个陪音。刺激中脑诱发叫声实验中发现家鸽鸣声急促洪亮，腹式呼吸明显，同时伴随呼吸加快、流涎、瞳孔放大等植物性反应。以上结果将为进一步了解鸟类发声机制以及中脑丘间复合体背内侧核（DM）的作用提供新的认识。更多还原

【Abstract】 We use non-oscine pigeons（Columba livia domesticus） as our modelanimals, after recording their spontaneous coo and evoked coo bystimulating DM nucleus, the original data are packed up and chosen bysoftware Cool Edit 2000. The sonogram, timing wave and spectrum areanalyzed by software WaveSurfer 1.8. We use software Photoshop CStypeset the figures of sonogram、timing wave and spectrum, finally thecomparison of data in ANOVA and Simple Linear Regression are madeby software Origin 7.0.The results show that the spontaneous coo of non-oscine pigeons aredeep and simple, kinds of syllables in their songs are limited, they havepool ability for Frequency modulation （FM） and Amplitude modulation（AM）, quality factor (Q_6dB) of pigeon’s coo is much lower than oscines’,since most of the syllables are basic sound （BS）, their songs are notpleasant to hear. The spontaneous coo "di·Gu……" in pigeons areincluded of prelude, loud song and coda. There is an obvious intervalbetween prelude and loud song which can be distinguished as a single"di", the interval lasts about 280ms. Loud song is included of severalPulses （P1～P19）, commonly with 16 Pulses, loud song lasts about650ms. Coda is closely to the loud song and it cannot be distinguishedusually, coda lasts about 70ms. The Principle energy band （PEB） of acomplete coo is centralized below 1000Hz. The principle frequency（PF）and the relative amplitude （RA） present an obvious process of increase,smooth and decrease. The principal tone （PT） represented by the carryPF of steady period in loud song was 4.9 semitone higher than that ofpreclude and coda, whereas the RA of loud song was 24.4 dB, 13.2 dBhigher than that of preclude and coda, respectively, also Q6dB is 1.8 and 2.8 higher than that of preclude and coda, respectively.With increase and decrease stimulating voltage in right DM nucleusof pigeons, we record the evoked coo with loud and hurry "Gu·Gu……".Compared with pigeons’ spontaneous coo, evoked coo include no precludeand coda, there are only three or four pulses group in loud song. There aresome differences between increase and decrease stimulating voltage inright DM nucleus of pigeons. With the increase and decrease of thevoltage, the duration of single sound （DSS） represents the distinct linearchange, the rate are 0.2ms/v and 1.72mv/s respectively. The interval ofsingle sound （ISS） is notably shortened while compared with spontaneouscoo, 87～89.6 times in increasing stimulating voltage and 72.3～86.7 timesin decreasing stimulating voltage. The PF （295±26Hz） in increasingstimulating voltage and PF （282±8Hz） in decreasing stimulating voltageare prominently lower than that of spontaneous coo （311±30Hz, n=12）.One or two upper partials （UP） can be detected in sonogram.In the experiment of stimulating right DM nucleus of pigeon, wefound the evoked sound of pigeon was hurry and loud, remarkableabdominal respiration, salivating, quicken respiration and mydriasis canbe detected at the same time.The results above bring us more new knowledge of realizing avianvocal mechanism and the function of DM nucleus.更多还原