广州开发区劳动力市场运行及政策研究

【作者】 曾艺；

【导师】 张建武；

【作者基本信息】 华南师范大学 ， 劳动经济学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 广州开发区在广州经济的迅速发展中功不可没，其在创造就业、技术升级、增加税收、发展经济等方面都发挥了重要的作用。劳动力资源作为能动性资源是一种重要的生产要素，是广州开发区经济建设与发展的基础力量，是拉动经济增长，优化产业结构的推动力量。劳动力市场是劳动力资源的供给方和需求方进行劳动力使用权的转让与购买的活动，是实现劳动力资源配置的一种机制和形式。劳动力市场的状况直接影响着劳动力资源的使用，进而影响着开发区的发展。劳动力市场发展完善、运行机制良好，劳动力资源的配置将更合理，劳动力资源的使用将更有效，最终将更有利于开发区的经济发展；反之则易造成劳动力资源的浪费，不利于经济发展。基于广州开发区对广州经济的重要性，同时基于劳动力资源及劳动力市场对开发区及其企业生存与发展的影响，本文研究将区别于以往区域经济、企业战略等角度，而从劳动力市场运行与管理的角度研究开发区劳动力市场运行与管理的特点，从人力政策与就业政策方面提出利于提高开发区发展能力的建议。本文采取文献法、问卷调查法与定量定性分析法，以开发区模型理论、劳动力市场原理与企业内部劳动力市场原理作为分析的理论基础，结合问卷调查数据，探讨广州开发区外部劳动力市场与企业内部劳动力市场的运行状况与特点，并借鉴西方就业政策，提出针对性的政策建议。研究结果显示：(1)广州开发区外部劳动力市场在建区初期做到立法超前、体制创新，并进行大胆的改革，成功地与国际实现接轨，在广州以及全国都起到示范作用。然而，随着国家经济的发展，市场经济建设的逐渐完善，开发区的超前性必须要与国家的条例制度接轨。就目前情况来说，社会保障制度以及职业培训体制是劳动力市场建设的重点。(2)广州开发区企业处在特殊的区域内，接受先进管理方法更为方便与直接，使其内部劳动力市场的发展更为迅速与规范，强调劳动力的配置、培训等要通过企业内部的组织章程、规则、制度甚至惯例进行。劳动力与企业间的雇佣关系使得劳动力的迁移、分配、工资等不仅仅依赖于外部劳动力市场的价格机制，同时依赖于企业的长期规划、工资制度、雇佣习惯、劳动关系管理规则等各种因素。内部劳动力市场不仅是外部劳动力市场的补充，更是企业人力资源管理操作的主要方式之一。本文在最后部分对广州开发区劳动力市场的建设与发展提出相关建议，重点在于以下两方面：(1)完善社会保障制度。一要灵活对待社会保险的征收问题，应该充分考虑到开发区中小企业的承受能力，使中小企业更好地发展壮大。二要扩大社会保障的覆盖面，使农民工、外来工也享受保障权利。(2)发展职业技术教育。针对广州开发区是工业区、需要专业的高级的技术工人的事实，开发区的教育体系可以走学历文凭与技工证书相结合的道路。更多还原

【Abstract】 Guangzhou Development District has contributed to the quickdevelopment of economy in Guangzhou; it plays an important role increating employment, upgrading technology, increasing tax, developingeconomy and so on. Labor force is an activity factor of production, itis the foundation power to construct and develop the District, and it isthe motive force to stimulate economic growth and promote the optimizationof the industrial structure. Labor market is a kind of mechanism and form,which goes on the purchase and transfer of the right to use the labor forcefor both demand-side and supply-side, and which accomplishes theallocation of labor force. The condition of the labor market influencesdirectly the use of the labor force, and then affects the development ofthe District. If the labor market is well developed and has a goodoperational mechanism, the allocation of labor force will be morereasonable, and the use of labor force will be more effectively, and theeconomy development of the District will be more conducive ultimately.Otherwise it would easily lead to waste of labor force and would not beconducive to economy development.The District is important for the economy development in Guangzhou,and the labor force and labor market affect the survival and developmentof the District and its enterprises. So the paper will research the labormarket of the District from the point that how the labor market run andhow to manage it, different from previous studies which from regionaleconomic or enterprise strategy point and so on, and the paper will givesome suggestions through the human resource and the employment policypoint to enhance the development capacity of the District.By the techniques and principles such as document research,questionnaire survey, quantitative analysis, theoretical model to development district, labor market principles and internal labor marketprinciples, with survey data the paper studies how the labor market inGuangzhou Development District works and how the internal labor marketin enterprises works, and studies their characteristics. And then thepaper gives some suggestions through drawing lessons from the Westemployment policies.The results show that:(1)Labor market in Guangzhou Development District brought forth newideas of the legislation and the system of organization from the beginningof its building; and it has achieved approaching international practiceand played an exemplary role in Guangzhou and the whole country throughbold reforms. However, the creativity of the District must be close tothe institution and regulatory of the country along with the developmentof the country economy and the gradual improvement of the market economy.At the moment, the important points in the building of the labor marketare social security system and vocational training system.(2)The enterprises in Guangzhou Development District lie in thespecial area; they can accept the advanced management methods moreconveniently and more directly. So the development of their internal labormarket is more rapidly and more standard; and it emphasizes that theymanage the labor force such as allocating and training through theinternal organizational statutes, rules, systems, practices and so on.The industrial relations between labor force and enterprise make themigration, allocation and wages of labor not only depend on pricingmechanism of external labor market, but also depend on other factors suchas long-term planning, wage institution, employment practices andmanagement rules in enterprise. Internal labor market is the supplementof the external labor market; and it is one of the main methods thatenterprise carries on human resource management. The paper in the last gives some suggestions to the construction anddevelopment of the labor market in Guangzhou Development District, withtwo key points on the following:(1)We should improve the social security system. First, we canflexibly impose the social security cost, and we should give fullconsideration to the capacity of the small and medical enterprises in theDistrict and should enable them to better grow and develop. Second, itis necessary to expand the coverage of social security, and we shouldenable migrant workers to enjoy the rights of social security.(2)We should develop vocational training system. GuangzhouDevelopment District is an industrial area, and it needs more skilledworkers. So the education system of the District can follow the way thatcombines diploma and technician certification.更多还原