【作者】 牛余鑫；

【导师】 陈雪；

【作者基本信息】 华南师范大学 ， 民商法学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 随着我国由“大政府小社会”向“小政府大社会”的转变，发展慈善事业是组织调动社会资源，调节贫富差距，进而达到构建社会主义和谐社会的重要内容。作为慈善事业的主导力量，慈善组织的良性发展不仅需要法律给予其合法的主体地位，更需要法律对其各项活动予以监督。通过对慈善组织进行法律监督，保障社会捐赠可以善款善用，加强慈善组织的社会公信力，进而促进公众积极参与慈善活动，实现良性循环。然而，相对于国外成熟的慈善立法和学术研究而言，我国的慈善法律制度研究刚刚起步，针对慈善组织法律监督问题的学术探讨更寥寥无几。因此，对慈善组织法律监督制度的研究，具有重要的理论意义和实践价值。本文结合采用法经济学、法社会学、比较法学等研究方法，分四部分对慈善组织的法律监督制度进行了探讨。第一部分对慈善组织的法律定位进行了探讨。首先通过对各国慈善组织的概念分析，总结出慈善组织的法律特征，其次分析了大陆法系和英美法系对慈善组织的法律定位，再次分析了我国现行立法对慈善组织的法律定位，最后根据上述分析提出了我国在未来民法典中应对慈善组织如何定位。第二部分对国外慈善组织的法律监督制度进行了比较分析。首先介绍了美国慈善组织的法律监督制度，其次介绍了英国慈善组织的法律监督制度，再次介绍了德国的慈善组织法律监督制度，最后总结了美、英、德三国在慈善组织法律监督制度方面的特点并对其给予评价。第三部分对我国慈善组织立法现状及存在的主要问题进行了探讨。首先介绍了我国慈善组织的立法现状，其次分析了我国慈善组织立法现状下所存在的实际问题，指出如双重管理体制、低效的准入机制均已严重制约了慈善组织的发展。第四部分是对完善我国慈善组织法律监督制度的立法构想。首先应当建立高效的准入机制，其次应当加强慈善组织的外部监督，再次应当完善慈善组织的内部监督，最后还应当完善慈善事业的相关立法体系。更多还原

【Abstract】 As changing from the "big government small society" to the "smallgovernment big society", the development of philanthropic work is oneof the important contents to set up the harmonious society by organizingsocial resources and regulating the gap between rich and poor. Thepositive development of the charities which are the predominant power ofthe philanthropic work, not only needs the legal corpus position, but alsoneeds the legal supervision for the various activities of the charities.Under the legal supervision, the property of the social endowment willbe used in its right way and the social public faith of the charities willbe promoted, so people will participate charitable activities positivelyand the virtuous cycle will be realized. Opposite the charitablelegislation and study abroad but speech, the study of the mechanism ofcharities is just started in our country and the studies which focus onthe legal supervision of charities are only a few. So, it’ s significativeand valuable to study the legal supervision of charities.The paper in four parts discusses the legal supervision of thecharities, applying to analysis methods of law and economics, sociology,comparative law.The first part discusses the legal position of the charities. First,by analyzing the concepts of the charities in different countries, I sumup the law characteristics of the charities. Second, I analyze the legalposition of the charities in common law and case law. Third, I analyzethe legal position of the charities in our country at present. Fourth,according to the analysis above, I put forward how to fix the positionof the charities in the code of the civil laws in future.The second part compares and analyzes the legal supervision of thecharities in different countries. First, I introduce the legalsupervision of the charities in USA. Second, I introduce the legal supervision of the charities in UK. Third, I introduce the legalsupervision of the charities in Germany. Fourth, I analyze and evaluatethe characteristics of the legal supervision of the charities in thosecountries.The third part discusses the present condition and the problems ofthe charitable legislation in our country. I introduce the presentcondition of the charitable legislation in China, and then I analyze theactual problems at present, such as the "double supervision system" andlow efficient access mechanism, which put back the development of thecharities seriously.The last part discusses how to perfect the legal supervision themechanism of the charities in China. First, efficient access mechanismshould be set up. Second, the external supervision should be built. Third,the internal supervision should be perfected. Forth, other laws relatedto the charities should be perfected as while.更多还原