论康德的自由观

【作者】 权麟春；

【导师】 郑维铭；

【作者基本信息】 华南师范大学 ， 伦理学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 自由概念不仅是理解康德伦理学的钥匙，而且是理解其全部哲学的关键所在。自由只可思想，不可认识。康德把自由规定为人的自由，并在形而上学的层面上讨论，其目的是通过自由来体现人之为人的本体品格。自由之所以居于至高无上的核心地位，是因为它是“开启崇高的实践原理的钥匙，它是纯粹的、甚至思辨理性体系的整个建筑的拱心石。”先验的自由具有消极的意义，实践的自由即自律是积极意义上的自由。自由与道德法则在康德哲学中是相互印证的。自由是道德法则的存在条件，道德法则是自由的认识条件。在此基础上，梳理康德自由观的逻辑建构：物自体是自由观的基点；道德律令是自由的依托点；至善是自由的落脚点。通过分析康德对卢梭自由观的批判与继承，并对莱布尼茨的形而上学完美主义、前定论、和谐论和绝对自发性的批判，论述康德的自由观对罗尔斯的影响，及其现实意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 The free concept is not only the key to understand kant’s ethics, but also the key to understand its complete philosophy. The freedom is only the thought, not be possible to know. Kant stipulated the freedom as human freedom, and discussed in metaphysics fields, its goal is to manifest moral character of the human main body by the freedom. Freedom be in the supreme core status, because it is "the opening lofty practice principle key, it is pure, even speculates the rational system entire construction head." The prior freedom has the negative significance, the practice freedom is the autonomy and is in the positive significance. The freedom and the moral principle are verified mutually in kant’s philosophy. The freedom is the condition of existence for the moral principle, the moral principle is the understanding condition for the freedom. Based on this foundation, combs the logical construction on kant’s theory of freedom: I took the body from the thing is the logical beginning of freedom; The moral law is the logic intermediary; The ultimate good is the logical ending-result. By analyzing kant’s the critique and the inheritance to Rousseau’s theory of freedom and to Leibniz’s metaphysics perfect principle, prior conclusion, harmonious theory, the absolute spontaneous theory, elaborates the contemporary theory significance, in particular influence to Rawls, and practical significance.更多还原