【作者】 赵志；

【导师】 杜德志；

【作者基本信息】 青海大学 ， 作物遗传育种， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 本文以青海大学农林科学院油菜研究中心,通过甘蓝型油菜(039、E144)与青藏高原白菜型油菜浩油11种间杂交获得的66个新型甘蓝型油菜品系为研究对象,主要进行以下几方面研究:(1)、考察新型甘蓝型油菜的农艺性状和品质性状与亲本的差异,并筛选出优质农艺性状或品质性状的品系。(2)、在新型甘蓝型油菜品系中筛选出Polima不育系的恢复系和保持系。(3)、通过配合力测定探明新型甘蓝型油菜与普通甘蓝型油菜所配组合的优势强弱,并筛选出强优势组合和好的亲本。此外,还探讨了数量性状遗传距离与杂种优势的关系。主要结果如下:(1)在66个新型甘蓝型油菜品系中出现了具有以下特征的新型甘蓝型油菜品系:生育期极短(在西宁地区,生育期在100天以内)、产量性状优于甘蓝型亲本、含油量高于甘蓝型亲本、油酸含量大于70%。、饱和脂肪酸含量小于5%。抗虫性(茎象甲)强于甘蓝型亲本,这些品系为今后甘蓝型油菜育种提供了优良的亲本资源。(2)66个新型甘蓝型油菜品系中有21个品系能够完全恢复Polima不育系(110A),占所有组合的31.82%;有11个品系能够彻底保持110A的不育性,占所有组合的16.67%。表明新型甘蓝型油菜品系中具有较高的Polima细胞质雄性不育的恢复基因和保持基因。(3)在一般配合力上,单株产量性状母本排序为770B>8B>860B。父本单株产量性状排序为59>38>67>49>52>39>57>1102>54>1160。特殊配合力分析表明:单株产量特殊配合力最好的组合为770B×59,其次为860B×38、8B×39、860B×59、860B×39、770B×39、8B×54、770B×57、8B×52、8B×1102。双亲一般配合力和特殊配合力效应综合分析结果显示770B×59是个较为理想的组合,而且该组合单株产量也为30个组合中的第一名,并且它们的超标优势达到50%以上。(4)本试验利用亲本间的数量性状遗传距离与杂种优势指数研究了遗传距离与杂种优势之间的对应关系,结果表明二者具有一定的正相关(相关系数为0.1877),但不显著(P=0.3205),对数据进行模拟后关系也不显著,说明用遗传距离来预测杂种优势的效果较差。此外,聚类分析结果显示甘白种间杂交的疯狂分离是拓宽甘蓝型油菜遗传资源的有效途径。更多还原

【Abstract】 The 66 new-type of B.napus lines was created by using the method of interspecific cross between early mature B.napus varieties (039, E144) and especially early mature B.campestris Haoyou 11 of Tibetan Plateau by Academy of Agriculture and Forestry of Qinghai University. Main aspects studied include: (1) the deference between the new-type of B.napus lines and their female parents in agronomic characters and quality characters. (2) The restore lines and the maintainer lines in the new-type of B.napus lines. (3) The strong crosses and good parents in the combining ability analysis. In addition, the relation between the genetic distance and heterosis was studied in this paper. The main results are the following:(1)The growth period, yield traits, oil content, constituent of fatty acid and rape stem weevil resistance in these new-type of B.napus lines were studied in this paper. The result indicated that there were more excellent characters in the new-type of B.napus lines than that in the B.napus female parents: growth period less than 100 days in Xining, oleic acid content above 70%, saturated fatty acid content less than 5%, better yield traits, higher oil content, stronger resistance to rape stem weevil than that of the B.napus female parent. The new-type of B.napus lines will be provided for breeding of B.napus as new germplasm resource.(2) The 21 restore lines of Polima cms were obtained from the 66 new-type of B.napus lines, and the ratio is 31.82%; the 11 maintainer line were also fined, the ratio is 16.67. The results indicated that the frequency of restore gene and maintainer gene was higher in the new-type of B.napus lines.(3)In this experiment, the arrangement of the general combining ability effect in yield per plant of the three female parents is as follow: 770B>8B>860B, and the 10 male parents: 59>38>67 >49>52 >39>57 >1102>54>1160. In the special combining ability effect, the results indicated that the best cross in the yield per plant is 770B×59, and the next is 860B×38、8B×39、860B×59、860B×39、770B×39、8B×54、770B×57、8B×52、8B×1102. The general analysis of the general combining ability effect and special combining ability effect shows that the crosse 770B×59 was more ideal than others, and the yield per plant of the cross was 1st in the 30 crosses. Their ultra standard superiority was more than 50%.(4) The relation between quantitative characters genetic distance and heterosis index studied in this paper showed that there was no clear relation between them. From the result of cluster analysis, the interspecific cross between B.napus and B.campestris confirmed the effective method for expend genetic resource.更多还原